Effects of Constant and Fluctuating Temperatures and Humidities on the Survival of Spodoptera frugiperda Pupae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Simmons, A. M. Florida Entomologist, 76(2):333, June, 1993. ![Effects of Constant and Fluctuating Temperatures and Humidities on the Survival of Spodoptera frugiperda Pupae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) [link]](https://bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg "link")
Paper doi abstract bibtex Pupae of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), were maintained in the laboratory for emergence under selected constant and fluctuating temperatures and humidities. Temperatures ranged from 10 to 40°C, with a vapor pressure deficiency maintained constant at 8.5 mb in one study. No eclosion occurred at 10°C or at 40°C. Insects held at 15 and 35°C had low survival and a high percentage (39-62%) were deformed. The optimum rate of development occurred at 30 and 35°C, but a high percentage (58% of males, 39% of females) of the insects held at 35°C emerged deformed. In a comparison between the constant and fluctuating temperatures (the mean of the fluctuating temperature equalled the constant temperature treatment), survival was not affected, but development was generally faster with the fluctuating treatment. In another study, relative humidity ranged from 20 to about 100% (33.9 to about 0 mb) and was maintained at 30°C. Percentage survival, rate of development, or percent deformity were not affected by humidity. Weight loss was similar among insects held under different humidity treatments and was not affected by constant or fluctuating condition. Although survival was the same for the sexes, females developed at a faster rate and a smaller percentage emerged deformed as compared with males. /// Se mantuvieron pupas del cogollero del maíz, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) en el laboratorio a diferentes temperaturas y humedades para determinar su efecto en la emergencia. Las temperaturas fluctuaron desde 10 a 40°C, con una deficiencia de presion de vapor constante de 8.5 mb. No hubo eclosion a 10°C o a 40°C. Los insectos mantenidos a 15 y 35°C tuvieron una baja sobrevivencia y un alto porcentaje (39-62%) estaban deformados. La rata optima de desarrollo ocurrio a 30 y 35°C, pero un alto porcentaje (58% de machos, 39% de hembras) de los insectos mantenidos a los 35‰C de temperatura emergieron deformados. En una comparación entre las temperaturas constantes y fluctuantes (el promedio de la temperatura fluctuante era igual al de la temperatura constante), la sobrevivencia no fué afectada pero el desarrollo fue mas rápido con el tratamiento de temperatura constante. En otro estudio, la humedad relativa tuvo un rango desde 20-100% (33.9 a 0 mb) y fue mantenida a 30°C. El porcentaje de sobrevivencia, rata de desarrollo, o porcentaje de deformidad no fueron afectados por la humedad. La pérdida de peso fue similar entre insectos mantenidos en varias humedades y no fué afectado por condiciones fluctuación constante. Aunque la sobrevivencia fue la misma para los dos sexos, las hembras se desarrollaron mas rapidamente y un porcentaje menor mostró deformaciones comparadas con los machos.
@article{simmons_effects_1993,
title = {Effects of {Constant} and {Fluctuating} {Temperatures} and {Humidities} on the {Survival} of {Spodoptera} frugiperda {Pupae} ({Lepidoptera}: {Noctuidae})},
volume = {76},
issn = {00154040},
shorttitle = {Effects of {Constant} and {Fluctuating} {Temperatures} and {Humidities} on the {Survival} of {Spodoptera} frugiperda {Pupae} ({Lepidoptera}},
url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/3495733?origin=crossref},
doi = {10.2307/3495733},
abstract = {Pupae of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), were maintained in the laboratory for emergence under selected constant and fluctuating temperatures and humidities. Temperatures ranged from 10 to 40°C, with a vapor pressure deficiency maintained constant at 8.5 mb in one study. No eclosion occurred at 10°C or at 40°C. Insects held at 15 and 35°C had low survival and a high percentage (39-62\%) were deformed. The optimum rate of development occurred at 30 and 35°C, but a high percentage (58\% of males, 39\% of females) of the insects held at 35°C emerged deformed. In a comparison between the constant and fluctuating temperatures (the mean of the fluctuating temperature equalled the constant temperature treatment), survival was not affected, but development was generally faster with the fluctuating treatment. In another study, relative humidity ranged from 20 to about 100\% (33.9 to about 0 mb) and was maintained at 30°C. Percentage survival, rate of development, or percent deformity were not affected by humidity. Weight loss was similar among insects held under different humidity treatments and was not affected by constant or fluctuating condition. Although survival was the same for the sexes, females developed at a faster rate and a smaller percentage emerged deformed as compared with males. /// Se mantuvieron pupas del cogollero del maíz, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) en el laboratorio a diferentes temperaturas y humedades para determinar su efecto en la emergencia. Las temperaturas fluctuaron desde 10 a 40°C, con una deficiencia de presion de vapor constante de 8.5 mb. No hubo eclosion a 10°C o a 40°C. Los insectos mantenidos a 15 y 35°C tuvieron una baja sobrevivencia y un alto porcentaje (39-62\%) estaban deformados. La rata optima de desarrollo ocurrio a 30 y 35°C, pero un alto porcentaje (58\% de machos, 39\% de hembras) de los insectos mantenidos a los 35‰C de temperatura emergieron deformados. En una comparación entre las temperaturas constantes y fluctuantes (el promedio de la temperatura fluctuante era igual al de la temperatura constante), la sobrevivencia no fué afectada pero el desarrollo fue mas rápido con el tratamiento de temperatura constante. En otro estudio, la humedad relativa tuvo un rango desde 20-100\% (33.9 a 0 mb) y fue mantenida a 30°C. El porcentaje de sobrevivencia, rata de desarrollo, o porcentaje de deformidad no fueron afectados por la humedad. La pérdida de peso fue similar entre insectos mantenidos en varias humedades y no fué afectado por condiciones fluctuación constante. Aunque la sobrevivencia fue la misma para los dos sexos, las hembras se desarrollaron mas rapidamente y un porcentaje menor mostró deformaciones comparadas con los machos.},
number = {2},
urldate = {2017-08-31},
journal = {Florida Entomologist},
author = {Simmons, Alvin M.},
month = jun,
year = {1993},
pages = {333}
}
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No eclosion occurred at 10°C or at 40°C. Insects held at 15 and 35°C had low survival and a high percentage (39-62%) were deformed. The optimum rate of development occurred at 30 and 35°C, but a high percentage (58% of males, 39% of females) of the insects held at 35°C emerged deformed. In a comparison between the constant and fluctuating temperatures (the mean of the fluctuating temperature equalled the constant temperature treatment), survival was not affected, but development was generally faster with the fluctuating treatment. In another study, relative humidity ranged from 20 to about 100% (33.9 to about 0 mb) and was maintained at 30°C. Percentage survival, rate of development, or percent deformity were not affected by humidity. Weight loss was similar among insects held under different humidity treatments and was not affected by constant or fluctuating condition. Although survival was the same for the sexes, females developed at a faster rate and a smaller percentage emerged deformed as compared with males. /// Se mantuvieron pupas del cogollero del maíz, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) en el laboratorio a diferentes temperaturas y humedades para determinar su efecto en la emergencia. Las temperaturas fluctuaron desde 10 a 40°C, con una deficiencia de presion de vapor constante de 8.5 mb. No hubo eclosion a 10°C o a 40°C. Los insectos mantenidos a 15 y 35°C tuvieron una baja sobrevivencia y un alto porcentaje (39-62%) estaban deformados. La rata optima de desarrollo ocurrio a 30 y 35°C, pero un alto porcentaje (58% de machos, 39% de hembras) de los insectos mantenidos a los 35‰C de temperatura emergieron deformados. En una comparación entre las temperaturas constantes y fluctuantes (el promedio de la temperatura fluctuante era igual al de la temperatura constante), la sobrevivencia no fué afectada pero el desarrollo fue mas rápido con el tratamiento de temperatura constante. En otro estudio, la humedad relativa tuvo un rango desde 20-100% (33.9 a 0 mb) y fue mantenida a 30°C. El porcentaje de sobrevivencia, rata de desarrollo, o porcentaje de deformidad no fueron afectados por la humedad. La pérdida de peso fue similar entre insectos mantenidos en varias humedades y no fué afectado por condiciones fluctuación constante. 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Smith), were maintained in the laboratory for emergence under selected constant and fluctuating temperatures and humidities. Temperatures ranged from 10 to 40°C, with a vapor pressure deficiency maintained constant at 8.5 mb in one study. No eclosion occurred at 10°C or at 40°C. Insects held at 15 and 35°C had low survival and a high percentage (39-62\\%) were deformed. The optimum rate of development occurred at 30 and 35°C, but a high percentage (58\\% of males, 39\\% of females) of the insects held at 35°C emerged deformed. In a comparison between the constant and fluctuating temperatures (the mean of the fluctuating temperature equalled the constant temperature treatment), survival was not affected, but development was generally faster with the fluctuating treatment. In another study, relative humidity ranged from 20 to about 100\\% (33.9 to about 0 mb) and was maintained at 30°C. Percentage survival, rate of development, or percent deformity were not affected by humidity. Weight loss was similar among insects held under different humidity treatments and was not affected by constant or fluctuating condition. Although survival was the same for the sexes, females developed at a faster rate and a smaller percentage emerged deformed as compared with males. /// Se mantuvieron pupas del cogollero del maíz, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) en el laboratorio a diferentes temperaturas y humedades para determinar su efecto en la emergencia. Las temperaturas fluctuaron desde 10 a 40°C, con una deficiencia de presion de vapor constante de 8.5 mb. No hubo eclosion a 10°C o a 40°C. Los insectos mantenidos a 15 y 35°C tuvieron una baja sobrevivencia y un alto porcentaje (39-62\\%) estaban deformados. La rata optima de desarrollo ocurrio a 30 y 35°C, pero un alto porcentaje (58\\% de machos, 39\\% de hembras) de los insectos mantenidos a los 35‰C de temperatura emergieron deformados. 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