The May 2024 Flood Disaster in Southern Brazil: Causes, Impacts, and SWOT-Based Volume Estimation. Simoes-Sousa, I. T., Camargo, C. M. L., Távora, J., Piffer-Braga, A., Farrar, J. T., & Pavelsky, T. M. Geophysical Research Letters, 52(4):e2024GL112442, 2025. e2024GL112442 2024GL112442
The May 2024 Flood Disaster in Southern Brazil: Causes, Impacts, and SWOT-Based Volume Estimation [link]Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   1 download  
Abstract In May 2024, southern Brazil experienced a severe flood that caused widespread devastation, particularly in the metropolitan area of Porto Alegre. This disaster resulted from a rare combination of atmospheric conditions: a heatwave stalled a cold front, leading to prolonged and intense rainfall. The flood claimed 183 lives, left 27 missing, and displaced many more. Notably, the flood's peak coincided with satellite observations from both SWOT and Sentinel-2, providing a valuable snapshot of the disaster. To assess the flood's scope, and volume, we integrate these satellite data with FABDEM topography. SWOT's water height measurements, evaluated with in situ data, underscore its flood monitoring potential. The estimated floodwater volume was ∼ ${∼} $ 1.5 billion m3 ${\mathrm{m}}^{3}$. While primarily damaging croplands, the flood directly affected ∼ ${∼} $ 420,000 individuals in the study region, with ∼ ${∼} $ 16% identified as socially vulnerable. These findings offer insights into floodwater distribution and contribute to future flood dynamics research, mitigation strategies, and disaster preparedness.
@article{simoes2025swot,
  author = {Iury T. Simoes-Sousa and Carolina M. L. Camargo and Juliana Távora and Agata Piffer-Braga and J. Thomas Farrar and Tamlin M. Pavelsky},
  title = {The May 2024 Flood Disaster in Southern Brazil: Causes, Impacts, and SWOT-Based Volume Estimation},
  journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
  volume = {52},
  number = {4},
  pages = {e2024GL112442},
  doi = {https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL112442},
  url = {https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2024GL112442},
  eprint = {https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2024GL112442},
  note = {e2024GL112442 2024GL112442},
  abstract = {Abstract In May 2024, southern Brazil experienced a severe flood that caused widespread devastation, particularly in the metropolitan area of Porto Alegre. This disaster resulted from a rare combination of atmospheric conditions: a heatwave stalled a cold front, leading to prolonged and intense rainfall. The flood claimed 183 lives, left 27 missing, and displaced many more. Notably, the flood's peak coincided with satellite observations from both SWOT and Sentinel-2, providing a valuable snapshot of the disaster. To assess the flood's scope, and volume, we integrate these satellite data with FABDEM topography. SWOT's water height measurements, evaluated with in situ data, underscore its flood monitoring potential. The estimated floodwater volume was ∼ \${\sim} \$ 1.5 billion m3 \${\mathrm{m}}^{3}\$. While primarily damaging croplands, the flood directly affected ∼ \${\sim} \$ 420,000 individuals in the study region, with ∼ \${\sim} \$ 16\% identified as socially vulnerable. These findings offer insights into floodwater distribution and contribute to future flood dynamics research, mitigation strategies, and disaster preparedness.},
  year = {2025}
}

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