COVID-19 Relief Programs Have Kept U.S. Farm Income High but Shortchanged California Producers. Smith, A. Agricultural and Resource Economics Update, 2021.
COVID-19 Relief Programs Have Kept U.S. Farm Income High but Shortchanged California Producers [link]Paper  abstract   bibtex   
Since 1950, the only years with higher real net farm income than 2020 were 1973–74 and 2011–14. This high income was facilitated by two waves of COVID-19 relief payments totaling 23.8 billion dollars. A third wave is set to occur in 2021. Most of these payments were determined by seemingly arbitrary formulas and were only weakly tied to pandemic-induced losses. Corn, soybeans, cattle, and milk are the four largest value commodities in the country and they received a disproportionately large share of payments. Specialty crops and dairy, which California specializes in, received some support, but much less as a percent of gross farm income. Congress has allocated a further 13 billion dollars to farmers for COVID-19 relief, most of which is slated to go to the major row crops, livestock, and biofuels.
@misc{smith2021covid,
  title={COVID-19 Relief Programs Have Kept U.S. Farm Income High but Shortchanged California Producers},
  author={Smith, Aaron},
  howpublished={Agricultural and Resource Economics Update},
  volume={24},
  number={3},
  pages={5-8},
	abstract={Since 1950, the only years with higher real net farm income than 2020 were 1973–74 and 2011–14. This high income was facilitated by two waves of COVID-19 relief payments totaling 23.8 billion dollars. A third wave is set to occur in 2021. Most of these payments were determined by seemingly arbitrary formulas and were only weakly tied to pandemic-induced losses. Corn, soybeans, cattle, and milk are the four largest value commodities in the country and they received a disproportionately large share of payments. Specialty crops and dairy, which California specializes in, received some support, but much less as a percent of gross farm income. Congress has allocated a further 13 billion dollars to farmers for COVID-19 relief, most of which is slated to go to the major row crops, livestock, and biofuels.},
	url={https://giannini.ucop.edu/filer/file/1613691580/19988/},
  year={2021}
}

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