Alteration of Apple Maggot (Diptera: Tephritidae) Emergence by Cold Period Duration and Rain. Smith, S. L. & Jones, V. P. Environmental Entomology, 20(1):44–47, February, 1991. ![Alteration of Apple Maggot (Diptera: Tephritidae) Emergence by Cold Period Duration and Rain [link]](https://bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg "link")
Paper doi abstract bibtex The effects of cold period duration and simulated rain on adult apple maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella Walsh, emergence were investigated under laboratory conditions. Pupae were exposed to cold periods ranging from 9 to 191 d. There was no adult fly emergence from pupae exposed to ≤23 d of cold. The degree-day (6.5°C threshold) requirements for first and 50% emergence increased for pupae exposed to cold periods ranging from 37 to 65 d; however, flies exposed to longer cold periods (79–191 d) required fewer heat units for emergence. The effect of simulated rain (2 cm) on adult emergence was tested at various degree-day accumulations (677–1,065) during pupal development. Pupae exposed to rain at any of the degree-day accumulations tested required significantly fewer heat units for first and 50% emergence, compared with pupae not exposed to rain.
@article{smith_alteration_1991,
title = {Alteration of {Apple} {Maggot} ({Diptera}: {Tephritidae}) {Emergence} by {Cold} {Period} {Duration} and {Rain}},
volume = {20},
issn = {1938-2936, 0046-225X},
shorttitle = {Alteration of {Apple} {Maggot} ({Diptera}},
url = {https://academic.oup.com/ee/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/ee/20.1.44},
doi = {10.1093/ee/20.1.44},
abstract = {The effects of cold period duration and simulated rain on adult apple maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella Walsh, emergence were investigated under laboratory conditions. Pupae were exposed to cold periods ranging from 9 to 191 d. There was no adult fly emergence from pupae exposed to ≤23 d of cold. The degree-day (6.5°C threshold) requirements for first and 50\% emergence increased for pupae exposed to cold periods ranging from 37 to 65 d; however, flies exposed to longer cold periods (79–191 d) required fewer heat units for emergence. The effect of simulated rain (2 cm) on adult emergence was tested at various degree-day accumulations (677–1,065) during pupal development. Pupae exposed to rain at any of the degree-day accumulations tested required significantly fewer heat units for first and 50\% emergence, compared with pupae not exposed to rain.},
language = {en},
number = {1},
urldate = {2017-08-31},
journal = {Environmental Entomology},
author = {Smith, Sheri Lee and Jones, Vincent P.},
month = feb,
year = {1991},
pages = {44--47}
}
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