Unfolding livelihood aspects of the Water–Energy–Food Nexus in the Dampalit Watershed, Philippines. Spiegelberg, M., Baltazar, D. E., Sarigumba, M. P. E., Orencio, P. M., Hoshino, S., Hashimoto, S., Taniguchi, M., & Endo, A. Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies, 11:53–68, June, 2017.
Unfolding livelihood aspects of the Water–Energy–Food Nexus in the Dampalit Watershed, Philippines [link]Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   
This study explores the connectivity of upland farmers and downstream fishers through interlinkages of water, energy and food within the Dampalit sub-watershed of Laguna Lake, Philippines. The aim of the study is to yield policy relevant results to improve the status of the water resources and food products and to reduce possible user conflicts. Surveying 176 households mainly in the mid- and downstream areas elements and interlinkages of the local Water-Energy-Food Nexus (WEF-Nexus) were identified by the five capitals of the sustainable livelihood approach through a socio-ecological network analysis. Besides the innovative methodology, this research adds to the underserved local perspective in the WEF-Nexus research. The survey shows different livelihood profiles for the two groups and a lack of direct social links between them in the WEF-Nexus context. Also indirect links through consumption of the other group’s food products could not be identified. However, a large fraction of the population share the use of char coal for cooking, the Makiling groundwater for drinking and various household purposes and the Central Market in Los Banos for their food supply.
@article{spiegelberg_unfolding_2017,
	series = {Water, energy, and food nexus in the {Asia}-{Pacific} region},
	title = {Unfolding livelihood aspects of the {Water}–{Energy}–{Food} {Nexus} in the {Dampalit} {Watershed}, {Philippines}},
	volume = {11},
	issn = {2214-5818},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214581815001147},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ejrh.2015.10.009},
	abstract = {This study explores the connectivity of upland farmers and downstream fishers through interlinkages of water, energy and food within the Dampalit sub-watershed of Laguna Lake, Philippines. The aim of the study is to yield policy relevant results to improve the status of the water resources and food products and to reduce possible user conflicts. Surveying 176 households mainly in the mid- and downstream areas elements and interlinkages of the local Water-Energy-Food Nexus (WEF-Nexus) were identified by the five capitals of the sustainable livelihood approach through a socio-ecological network analysis. Besides the innovative methodology, this research adds to the underserved local perspective in the WEF-Nexus research. The survey shows different livelihood profiles for the two groups and a lack of direct social links between them in the WEF-Nexus context. Also indirect links through consumption of the other group’s food products could not be identified. However, a large fraction of the population share the use of char coal for cooking, the Makiling groundwater for drinking and various household purposes and the Central Market in Los Banos for their food supply.},
	urldate = {2017-08-01TZ},
	journal = {Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies},
	author = {Spiegelberg, Maximilian and Baltazar, Dalton Erick and Sarigumba, Maria Paula E. and Orencio, Pedcris M. and Hoshino, Satoshi and Hashimoto, Shizuka and Taniguchi, Makoto and Endo, Aiko},
	month = jun,
	year = {2017},
	keywords = {Climate-smart landscapes, Environmental governance, Integrated water resource management, Livelihood security, Socio-ecological systems},
	pages = {53--68}
}

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