@article{
 title = {A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: The GAD-7},
 type = {article},
 year = {2006},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 pages = {1092-1097},
 volume = {166},
 id = {8427dec3-e170-3f93-ba1d-2657eca4a493},
 created = {2020-03-11T10:23:25.369Z},
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 profile_id = {3b00081f-0253-3685-b1e3-85059a3e2c06},
 group_id = {505d3015-84ab-3f10-872d-73bf34007245},
 last_modified = {2020-05-04T15:51:48.428Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Spitzer2006c},
 folder_uuids = {67dec159-456d-49ba-88fe-f5114ae59a2b,84623bda-3205-4135-9336-b5ec34a29d1d},
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 abstract = {Background: Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is one of the most common mental disorders; however, there is no brief clinical measure for assessing GAD. The objective of this study was to develop a brief self-report scale to identify probable cases of GAD and evaluate its reliability and validity. Methods: A criterion-standard study was performed in 15 primary care clinics in the United States from November 2004 through June 2005. Of a total of 2740 adult patients completing a study questionnaire, 965 patients had a telephone interview with a mental health professional within 1 week. For criterion and construct validity, GAD self-report scale diagnoses were compared with independent diagnoses made by mental health professionals; functional status measures; disability days; and health care use. Results: A 7-item anxiety scale (GAD-7) had good reliability, as well as criterion, construct, factorial, and procedural validity. A cut point was identified that optimized sensitivity (89%) and specificity (82%). Increasing scores on the scale were strongly associated with multiple domains of functional impairment (all 6 Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form General Health Survey scales and disability days). Although GAD and depression symptoms frequently co-occurred, factor analysis confirmed them as distinct dimensions. Moreover, GAD and depression symptoms had differing but independent effects on functional impairment and disability. There was good agreement between self-report and interviewer-administered versions of the scale. Conclusion: The GAD-7 is a valid and efficient tool for screening for GAD and assessing its severity in clinical practice and research. ©2006 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Spitzer, Robert L. and Kroenke, Kurt and Williams, Janet B.W. and Löwe, Bernd},
 journal = {Archives of Internal Medicine},
 number = {10}
}