@Article{Stahl2000,
  author   = {Wilhelm Stahl and Ulrike Heinrich and Holger Jungmann and Helmut Sies and Hagen Tronnier},
  journal  = {The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition},
  title    = {Carotenoids and carotenoids plus vitamin E protect against ultraviolet light–induced erythema in humans123},
  year     = {2000},
  issn     = {0002-9165},
  number   = {3},
  pages    = {795-798},
  volume   = {71},
  abstract = {ABSTRACT
Background:
Carotenoids and tocopherols, known to be efficient antioxidants and capable of scavenging reactive oxygen species generated during photooxidative stress, may protect the skin from ultraviolet light–induced erythema. β-Carotene is widely used as an oral sun protectant but studies on its protective effects are scarce.
Objective:
The objective of this study was to investigate the protective effects of oral supplementation with carotenoids and a combination of carotenoids and vitamin E against the development of erythema in humans.
Design:
A carotenoid supplement (25 mg total carotenoids/d) and a combination of the carotenoid supplement and vitamin E [335 mg (500 IU) RRR-α-tocopherol/d] were given for 12 wk to healthy volunteers. Erythema was induced by illumination with a blue-light solar simulator. Serum β-carotene and α-tocopherol concentrations and skin carotenoid levels were assessed by HPLC and reflection photometry.
Results:
Serum β-carotene and α-tocopherol concentrations increased with supplementation. Erythema on dorsal skin (back) was significantly diminished (P < 0.01) after week 8, and erythema suppression was greater with the combination of carotenoids and vitamin E than with carotenoids alone.
Conclusion:
The antioxidants used in this study provided protection against erythema in humans and may be useful for diminishing sensitivity to ultraviolet light.},
  doi      = {https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/71.3.795},
  keywords = {Carotenoids, tocopherol, sunburn, skin, erythema, healthy adults, ultraviolet light},
  url      = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002916523070739},
}

{"_id":"uP7HD76NirXLzeEHF","bibbaseid":"stahl-heinrich-jungmann-sies-tronnier-carotenoidsandcarotenoidsplusvitamineprotectagainstultravioletlightinducederythemainhumans123-2000","author_short":["Stahl, W.","Heinrich, U.","Jungmann, H.","Sies, H.","Tronnier, H."],"bibdata":{"bibtype":"article","type":"article","author":[{"firstnames":["Wilhelm"],"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Stahl"],"suffixes":[]},{"firstnames":["Ulrike"],"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Heinrich"],"suffixes":[]},{"firstnames":["Holger"],"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Jungmann"],"suffixes":[]},{"firstnames":["Helmut"],"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Sies"],"suffixes":[]},{"firstnames":["Hagen"],"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Tronnier"],"suffixes":[]}],"journal":"The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","title":"Carotenoids and carotenoids plus vitamin E protect against ultraviolet light–induced erythema in humans123","year":"2000","issn":"0002-9165","number":"3","pages":"795-798","volume":"71","abstract":"ABSTRACT Background: Carotenoids and tocopherols, known to be efficient antioxidants and capable of scavenging reactive oxygen species generated during photooxidative stress, may protect the skin from ultraviolet light–induced erythema. β-Carotene is widely used as an oral sun protectant but studies on its protective effects are scarce. Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the protective effects of oral supplementation with carotenoids and a combination of carotenoids and vitamin E against the development of erythema in humans. Design: A carotenoid supplement (25 mg total carotenoids/d) and a combination of the carotenoid supplement and vitamin E [335 mg (500 IU) RRR-α-tocopherol/d] were given for 12 wk to healthy volunteers. Erythema was induced by illumination with a blue-light solar simulator. Serum β-carotene and α-tocopherol concentrations and skin carotenoid levels were assessed by HPLC and reflection photometry. Results: Serum β-carotene and α-tocopherol concentrations increased with supplementation. Erythema on dorsal skin (back) was significantly diminished (P < 0.01) after week 8, and erythema suppression was greater with the combination of carotenoids and vitamin E than with carotenoids alone. Conclusion: The antioxidants used in this study provided protection against erythema in humans and may be useful for diminishing sensitivity to ultraviolet light.","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/71.3.795","keywords":"Carotenoids, tocopherol, sunburn, skin, erythema, healthy adults, ultraviolet light","url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002916523070739","bibtex":"@Article{Stahl2000,\r\n author = {Wilhelm Stahl and Ulrike Heinrich and Holger Jungmann and Helmut Sies and Hagen Tronnier},\r\n journal = {The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition},\r\n title = {Carotenoids and carotenoids plus vitamin E protect against ultraviolet light–induced erythema in humans123},\r\n year = {2000},\r\n issn = {0002-9165},\r\n number = {3},\r\n pages = {795-798},\r\n volume = {71},\r\n abstract = {ABSTRACT\r\nBackground:\r\nCarotenoids and tocopherols, known to be efficient antioxidants and capable of scavenging reactive oxygen species generated during photooxidative stress, may protect the skin from ultraviolet light–induced erythema. β-Carotene is widely used as an oral sun protectant but studies on its protective effects are scarce.\r\nObjective:\r\nThe objective of this study was to investigate the protective effects of oral supplementation with carotenoids and a combination of carotenoids and vitamin E against the development of erythema in humans.\r\nDesign:\r\nA carotenoid supplement (25 mg total carotenoids/d) and a combination of the carotenoid supplement and vitamin E [335 mg (500 IU) RRR-α-tocopherol/d] were given for 12 wk to healthy volunteers. Erythema was induced by illumination with a blue-light solar simulator. Serum β-carotene and α-tocopherol concentrations and skin carotenoid levels were assessed by HPLC and reflection photometry.\r\nResults:\r\nSerum β-carotene and α-tocopherol concentrations increased with supplementation. Erythema on dorsal skin (back) was significantly diminished (P < 0.01) after week 8, and erythema suppression was greater with the combination of carotenoids and vitamin E than with carotenoids alone.\r\nConclusion:\r\nThe antioxidants used in this study provided protection against erythema in humans and may be useful for diminishing sensitivity to ultraviolet light.},\r\n doi = {https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/71.3.795},\r\n keywords = {Carotenoids, tocopherol, sunburn, skin, erythema, healthy adults, ultraviolet light},\r\n url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002916523070739},\r\n}\r\n\r\n","author_short":["Stahl, W.","Heinrich, U.","Jungmann, H.","Sies, H.","Tronnier, H."],"key":"Stahl2000","id":"Stahl2000","bibbaseid":"stahl-heinrich-jungmann-sies-tronnier-carotenoidsandcarotenoidsplusvitamineprotectagainstultravioletlightinducederythemainhumans123-2000","role":"author","urls":{"Paper":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002916523070739"},"keyword":["Carotenoids","tocopherol","sunburn","skin","erythema","healthy adults","ultraviolet light"],"metadata":{"authorlinks":{}},"html":""},"bibtype":"article","biburl":"https://bibbase.org/network/files/ek5HDZ24v86Davyq2","dataSources":["JK4NYrkJfvfLAgR6M"],"keywords":["carotenoids","tocopherol","sunburn","skin","erythema","healthy adults","ultraviolet light"],"search_terms":["carotenoids","carotenoids","plus","vitamin","protect","against","ultraviolet","light","induced","erythema","humans123","stahl","heinrich","jungmann","sies","tronnier"],"title":"Carotenoids and carotenoids plus vitamin E protect against ultraviolet light–induced erythema in humans123","year":2000}