@phdthesis{stammerjohn_spatial_1993,
	address = {Santa Barbara, CA},
	title = {Spatial and temporal variability in {Southern} {Ocean} sea ice coverage},
	abstract = {Spatial and temporal variability in Southern Ocean sea ice coverage is analysed from October, 1978 to December, 1991. Sea ice coverage is calculated from passive microwave satellite data, using Scanning Multi-Channel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR) and Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) data. Spatial variability in sea ice coverage was based on the following eight regions: Southern Ocean, Weddell, Indian, West Pacific, Ross, Amundsen and Bellingshausen regions, as well as a subregion of the Bellingshausen, the Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) study area located west of the Antarctic Peninsula. The six adjacent Southern Ocean regions all show unique interannual variability which is confirmed by cross spectral analysis of monthly anomalies, and no two regions have the same anomalous years of extreme maximum or minimum ice coverage. Regional interannual variability appears to be a yearly re-distribution of near constant ice coverage for the whole Southern Ocean, and in extreme high or low ice years there are asymmetries in Southern Ocean ice coverage. Spectral analysis of monthly anomalies confirmed that most of the variance in regional ice coverages is due to interannual variability. Several patterns in interannual and annual variability are observed in the 13.25-year time series of Southern Ocean ice coverage, and possible climatic forcings contributing to these patterns are discussed. A thorough characterization of LTER ice coverage in comparison to the other regional ice coverages is provided, and possible ice-ocean-air and ice-ecosystem dynamics in the LTER region are explored},
	school = {University of California, Santa Barbara},
	author = {Stammerjohn, Sharon E.},
	year = {1993},
	keywords = {PAL}
}

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