Mote Herding for Tiered Wireless Sensor Networks. Stathopoulos, T., Girod, L., Heidemann, J., & Estrin, D. Technical Report 58, University of California, Los Angeles, Center for Embedded Networked Computing, December, 2005.
Mote Herding for Tiered Wireless Sensor Networks [link]Paper  abstract   bibtex   
We propose Mote Herding, a new system architecture for large scale, heterogeneous sensor networks. Mote herding uses a mix of many 8-bit sensor nodes (motes) and fewer but more powerful 32-bit sensor nodes (microservers). Mote herding groups motes into flocks that are connected via a multihop network to a microserver acting as a shepherd. Shepherds exploit their greater communications and compute power to form an overlay network, with many flocks joining to form a herd. By keeping each flock small and utilizing several shepherds, the herd can support many nodes with better latency, reliability, and energy efficiency than homogeneous architectures. Using the Mote Herding abstractions, we have implemented a set of services that run across both platforms, namely a mote routing service, a data reliability service and a resource discovery service that is based on three subservices. We evaluate the performance of our services using simulations and emulations of both sample scenarios and a habitat monitoring application. Our results show that the mote routing service is able to maintain better than than 99% connectivity at high network densities, while incurring 60% lower transmission overhead than two other routing protocols. We also show that the data reliability service is able to deliver 100% of the data even when more than 30% of the network exhibits failures. Finally, we show that the habitat monitoring application that uses Mote Herding is able to deliver all of the data with low control overhead and latency.
@TechReport{Stathopoulos05a,
	author = 	"Thanos Stathopoulos and Lewis Girod and John Heidemann and Deborah Estrin",
	title = 	"Mote Herding for Tiered Wireless Sensor Networks",
	institution = 	"University of California, Los Angeles, Center for Embedded Networked Computing",
	year = 		2005,
	sortdate = "2005-12-01",
	project = "ilense, nocredit, cens, macss",
	jsubject = "sensornet_data_dissemination",
	number = 	58,
	month = 	dec,
	location = 	"johnh: pafile",
	keywords = 	"mote herding, tiered sensornets",
	url =		"http://www.isi.edu/%7ejohnh/PAPERS/Stathopoulos05a.html",
	pdfurl =	"http://www.isi.edu/%7ejohnh/PAPERS/Stathopoulos05a.pdf",
	otherurl = 	"http://repositories.cdlib.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2018&context=cens",
	abstract = "
We propose Mote Herding, a new system architecture
for large scale, heterogeneous sensor networks. Mote
herding uses a mix of many 8-bit sensor nodes (motes)
and fewer but more powerful 32-bit sensor nodes (microservers).
Mote herding groups motes into flocks that
are connected via a multihop network to a microserver
acting as a shepherd. Shepherds exploit their greater
communications and compute power to form an overlay
network, with many flocks joining to form a herd. By
keeping each flock small and utilizing several shepherds,
the herd can support many nodes with better latency, reliability,
and energy efficiency than homogeneous architectures.
Using the Mote Herding abstractions, we have
implemented a set of services that run across both platforms,
namely a mote routing service, a data reliability
service and a resource discovery service that is based on
three subservices. We evaluate the performance of our
services using simulations and emulations of both sample
scenarios and a habitat monitoring application. Our
results show that the mote routing service is able to maintain
better than than 99\% connectivity at high network
densities, while incurring 60\% lower transmission overhead
than two other routing protocols. We also show that
the data reliability service is able to deliver 100\% of the
data even when more than 30\% of the network exhibits
failures. Finally, we show that the habitat monitoring application
that uses Mote Herding is able to deliver all of
the data with low control overhead and latency.
",
}

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