The Effect of Chair Type on Users ’ Viewing Experience for Panoramic Video. Steed, A. In 2017. 00000
abstract   bibtex   
The consumption of panoramic videos with head-mounted displays (HMD) has increased rapidly over the past years. A large number of HMD users watch 360-degree videos at home, most likely with non-swivel seats. It is important to understand their viewing experience. This study explored how the difference in users’ chair type would influence their viewing experience. In order to achieve this, three types of chairs were built as the experimental materials in this study: fixed chair, half swivel chair (the chair that swivels only 90 degrees in each direction) and full swivel chair. A betweensubject design was adopted, with 41 participants recruited for the formal experiments. One practice video and five formal videos were selected as the stimuli. Various aspects of viewing experience were measured, including exploration, spatial awareness, incidental memory, enjoyment, concern about missing something, engagement and simulator sickness, with the use of eye tracking, questionnaires, tasks and semi-structured interviews. Results suggested that the fixed chair and the half swivel chair discouraged exploration for certain videos compared with the full swivel chair. Additionally, participants in the fixed chair had worse spatial awareness and greater concern about missing something for certain video than those in the full swivel chair. With the fixed chair, however, the users showed better incidental memory than those in the half swivel chair. In addition, viewers in the half swivel chair had greater enjoyment for certain video compared with those in the full swivel chair. No significant differences were found in terms of general engagement and simulator sickness among the three chair conditions. Furthermore, thematic analysis for post-experiment interviews revealed four themes regarding the restrictive chairs: physical discomfort; difficulty to follow movements; reduced orientation and guided attention. Based on the findings, possible practical implications, limitations and inspiration for future work were discussed.
@inproceedings{steed_effect_2017,
	title = {The {Effect} of {Chair} {Type} on {Users} ’ {Viewing} {Experience} for {Panoramic} {Video}},
	abstract = {The consumption of panoramic videos with head-mounted displays (HMD) has increased rapidly over the past years. A large number of HMD users watch 360-degree videos at home, most likely with non-swivel seats. It is important to understand their viewing experience. This study explored how the difference in users’ chair type would influence their viewing experience. In order to achieve this, three types of chairs were built as the experimental materials in this study: fixed chair, half swivel chair (the chair that swivels only 90 degrees in each direction) and full swivel chair. A betweensubject design was adopted, with 41 participants recruited for the formal experiments. One practice video and five formal videos were selected as the stimuli. Various aspects of viewing experience were measured, including exploration, spatial awareness, incidental memory, enjoyment, concern about missing something, engagement and simulator sickness, with the use of eye tracking, questionnaires, tasks and semi-structured interviews. Results suggested that the fixed chair and the half swivel chair discouraged exploration for certain videos compared with the full swivel chair. Additionally, participants in the fixed chair had worse spatial awareness and greater concern about missing something for certain video than those in the full swivel chair. With the fixed chair, however, the users showed better incidental memory than those in the half swivel chair. In addition, viewers in the half swivel chair had greater enjoyment for certain video compared with those in the full swivel chair. No significant differences were found in terms of general engagement and simulator sickness among the three chair conditions. Furthermore, thematic analysis for post-experiment interviews revealed four themes regarding the restrictive chairs: physical discomfort; difficulty to follow movements; reduced orientation and guided attention. Based on the findings, possible practical implications, limitations and inspiration for future work were discussed.},
	author = {Steed, Anthony},
	year = {2017},
	note = {00000}
}

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