@article{stoneOxFallPathbreaking2018,
	title = {The ox fall down: path-breaking and technology treadmills in {Indian} cotton agriculture},
	volume = {45},
	issn = {0306-6150},
	shorttitle = {The ox fall down},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/03066150.2017.1291505},
	doi = {10.1080/03066150.2017.1291505},
	abstract = {Although India’s cotton sector has been penetrated by various input- and capital-intensive methods, penetration by herbicide has been largely stymied. In Telangana State, the main obstacle has been the practice of ‘double-lining’, in which cotton plants are spaced widely to allow weeding by ox-plow. Path dependency theory primarily explains the persistence of sub-optimal practices, but double-lining is an example of an advantageous path for cash-poor farmers. However, it is being actively undermined by parties intent on expanding herbicide markets and opening a niche for next-generation genetically modified cotton. We use the case to explicate the role of treadmills in technology ‘lock-in’. We also examine how an adaptive locked-in path may be broken by external interests, drawing on recent analyses of ‘didactic’ learning by farmers.},
	language = {en},
	number = {7},
	urldate = {2020-04-28},
	journal = {The Journal of Peasant Studies},
	publisher = {Routledge},
	author = {Stone, Glenn Davis and Flachs, Andrew},
	month = nov,
	year = {2018},
	note = {\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/03066150.2017.1291505},
	keywords = {Agricultural industrialization, biotechnology, knowledge production, path dependency},
	pages = {1272--1296},
}

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