@article{strelluf_regional_2022,
	title = {Regional {Variation} and {Syntactic} {Derivation} of {Low}-frequency need-passives on {Twitter}},
	volume = {50},
	issn = {0075-4242},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/00754242211066971},
	doi = {10.1177/00754242211066971},
	abstract = {This paper examines constructions formed by the verb need taking a passivized complement. While previous dialectological, sociolinguistic, and micro-syntactic analyses have focused primarily on the past-participle complement (need+ED) as a regional syntactic variable, this study expands the purview of need-passives to examine gerund-participle (need+ING) and infinitival (need+TO) complements. It also looks beyond purported need+ED regions to examine need-passive variation in Englishes spoken around the world. Data from Twitter confirm previous findings that need+ED is a productive feature of the US Midland, Scotland, Northern Ireland, and Tyneside, England. However, tweets also show that need+ING is produced disproportionately frequently in England and Wales. These results reveal a more complex pattern of need-passive variation in global Englishes than has previously been reported. Additionally, a transitive construction formed with need as a matrix verb is examined and found to co-vary regionally with need+ING. Syntactic analyses of tweets reveal similarities in the ways that need+ED and need+ING vary with need+TO. These findings lead to a proposed syntactic analysis that need+ED and need+ING share the same derivational structure. More generally, the work argues for greater attention in linguistic research to low-frequency features.},
	language = {en},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2024-06-14},
	journal = {Journal of English Linguistics},
	author = {Strelluf, Christopher},
	month = mar,
	year = {2022},
	note = {Publisher: SAGE Publications Inc},
	pages = {39--71},
}

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