Betula Lenta - Version 2014.3. Stritch, L. In The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, pages 194483/0+. ![Betula Lenta - Version 2014.3 [link]](https://bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg "link")
Paper abstract bibtex [Excerpt] Betula lenta is a widespread, commonly encountered tree found in the eastern United States of America and Canada. The population is stable and there are no known threats that are or will adversely affect this species in the foreseeable future. Climate change is expected to extirpate the species~at its southernmost distribution but this will be offset with its northern range limits expanding in Quebec and Ontario, Canada. It is therefore assessed as Least Concern.\textasciitilde [::Common Name(s)] [::]English - Sweet birch, Round-leaf Birch, Cherry birch, Black birch [::Range Description] Betula lenta is a commonly encountered tree of northern hardwood forest ecosystems in the Appalachian mountains from New England, New York and Pennsylvania, where it is most abundant. The distribution extends southward from the mid and southern Appalachian mountains (Ohio, West Virginia, Maryland, Kentucky, Tennesee, North and South Carolina) to their southern terminus in northern Georgia and Alabama. In the most southern portions of its geographic range the species is sporadic and restricted to elevations greater than 914 m asl (3,000 ft.).~At the northern limit of its range it is a rarely encountered tree of extreme southeastern Ontario and sporadic in southernmost Quebec, Canada. [::Countries] Native:Canada (Ontario); United States (Connecticut, Georgia, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia) [::Population] Forest survey data indicate that B. lenta~is most abundant in Connecticut, Massachusetts, New York and Pennsylvania.\textasciitilde The core populations of B. lenta that occur in Pennsylvania, New York and New England are predicted to expand with climate change as the 7° C average annual temperature isotherm moves northward into adjacent Ontario and Quebec, Canada. In northern New England and New York and Pennsylvania, subpopulations should remain stable. Potential changes in precipitation patterns and average annual precipitation amounts may affect B. lenta~subpopulations but those potential changes are unknown. [::Habitat and Ecology] Betula lenta is a slow-growing, shade intolerant, dominant, long-lived tree in the northern Appalachian Mountains. It is found in early, mid and late successional forests and grows in rich, well drained upland soils. It occurs~singly~or in small groups. It is commonly found growing with yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera), basswood (Tilia americana), white ash (Fraxinus americana), northern red oak (Quercus rubra), paper birch (Betula papyrifera), gray birch (B. populifolia), red maple (Acer rubrum), sugar maple (A. saccharum) and two conifers, eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis), Carolina hemlock (Tsuga carolina), and eastern white pine (Pinus strobus). Commonly encountered shrubs and small trees include American hornbeam (Carpinus caroliniana), hophornbeam (Ostrya virginiana), moosewood (Acer pensylvanicum), mountain maple (Acer spicatum), flowering dogwood (Cornus florida), downy serviceberry (Amelanchier arborea), maple-leaf viburnum (Viburnum acerifolium) and eastern leatherwood (Dirca palustris). Betula lenta~is a minor component of twelve Society of American Foresters forest cover types: Gray Birch-Red Maple (Type 19); White Pine-Northern Red Oak-Red Maple (Type 20); Eastern White Pine (Type 21); White Pine-Hemlock (Type 22); Hemlock-Yellow Birch (Type 24); Sugar Maple-Beech-Yellow Birch (Type 25); Sugar Maple (Type 27); Black Cherry-Maple (Type 28); Black Ash-American Elm-Red Maple (Type29); Yellow-Poplar (Type 57); Yellow-Poplar-Eastern Hemlock (Type 58) and Yellow-Poplar-White Oak-Northern Red Oak (Type 59). [::Use and Trade] Betula lenta~wood is quite similar to B. alleghaniensis;~it is heavy, very hard and strong, with a silky sheen, close-grained and polishable. Both are economically important timber species providing lumber and veneer for use in the manufacture of furniture, cabinets, boxes, plywood, panelling and also in ship and boat building. Betula lenta~pulp is used in various products such as box boards, book and newsprint, and corrugated paper. Historically, B. lenta~was harvested to produce wintergreen oil (methyl salicylate) that was distilled from it. Today wintergreen oil is produced chemically using wood alcohol and salicylate. Native Americans used B. lenta medicinally to treat dysentery, colds, diarrhoea, fevers, soreness and milky urine, and as a spring tonic. The sap is very sweet, hence the common name and can be fermented to make beer.\textasciitilde [::Major Threat(s)] There are no known threats that are or will adversely affect B. lenta in the foreseeable future. Climate change will extirpate the species at its southern distribution but this will be offset with it northern range limits expanding in Quebec and Ontario, Canada. This species is listed as globally secure (G5) by NatureServe, however it is Critically Imperiled in Ontario.
@incollection{stritchBetulaLentaVersion2014,
title = {Betula Lenta - {{Version}} 2014.3},
booktitle = {The {{IUCN Red List}} of {{Threatened Species}}},
author = {Stritch, L.},
date = {2014},
pages = {194483/0+},
url = {http://mfkp.org/INRMM/article/12345678____to-archive},
abstract = {[Excerpt] Betula lenta is a widespread, commonly encountered tree found in the eastern United States of America and Canada. The population is stable and there are no known threats that are or will adversely affect this species in the foreseeable future. Climate change is expected to extirpate the species~at its southernmost distribution but this will be offset with its northern range limits expanding in Quebec and Ontario, Canada. It is therefore assessed as Least Concern.\textasciitilde{} [::Common Name(s)] [::]English - Sweet birch, Round-leaf Birch, Cherry birch, Black birch [::Range Description] Betula lenta is a commonly encountered tree of northern hardwood forest ecosystems in the Appalachian mountains from New England, New York and Pennsylvania, where it is most abundant. The distribution extends southward from the mid and southern Appalachian mountains (Ohio, West Virginia, Maryland, Kentucky, Tennesee, North and South Carolina) to their southern terminus in northern Georgia and Alabama. In the most southern portions of its geographic range the species is sporadic and restricted to elevations greater than 914 m asl (3,000 ft.).~At the northern limit of its range it is a rarely encountered tree of extreme southeastern Ontario and sporadic in southernmost Quebec, Canada. [::Countries] Native:Canada (Ontario); United States (Connecticut, Georgia, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia) [::Population] Forest survey data indicate that B. lenta~is most abundant in Connecticut, Massachusetts, New York and Pennsylvania.\textasciitilde{} The core populations of B. lenta that occur in Pennsylvania, New York and New England are predicted to expand with climate change as the 7° C average annual temperature isotherm moves northward into adjacent Ontario and Quebec, Canada. In northern New England and New York and Pennsylvania, subpopulations should remain stable. Potential changes in precipitation patterns and average annual precipitation amounts may affect B. lenta~subpopulations but those potential changes are unknown. [::Habitat and Ecology] Betula lenta is a slow-growing, shade intolerant, dominant, long-lived tree in the northern Appalachian Mountains. It is found in early, mid and late successional forests and grows in rich, well drained upland soils. It occurs~singly~or in small groups. It is commonly found growing with yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera), basswood (Tilia americana), white ash (Fraxinus americana), northern red oak (Quercus rubra), paper birch (Betula papyrifera), gray birch (B. populifolia), red maple (Acer rubrum), sugar maple (A. saccharum) and two conifers, eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis), Carolina hemlock (Tsuga carolina), and eastern white pine (Pinus strobus). Commonly encountered shrubs and small trees include American hornbeam (Carpinus caroliniana), hophornbeam (Ostrya virginiana), moosewood (Acer pensylvanicum), mountain maple (Acer spicatum), flowering dogwood (Cornus florida), downy serviceberry (Amelanchier arborea), maple-leaf viburnum (Viburnum acerifolium) and eastern leatherwood (Dirca palustris). Betula lenta~is a minor component of twelve Society of American Foresters forest cover types: Gray Birch-Red Maple (Type 19); White Pine-Northern Red Oak-Red Maple (Type 20); Eastern White Pine (Type 21); White Pine-Hemlock (Type 22); Hemlock-Yellow Birch (Type 24); Sugar Maple-Beech-Yellow Birch (Type 25); Sugar Maple (Type 27); Black Cherry-Maple (Type 28); Black Ash-American Elm-Red Maple (Type29); Yellow-Poplar (Type 57); Yellow-Poplar-Eastern Hemlock (Type 58) and Yellow-Poplar-White Oak-Northern Red Oak (Type 59). [::Use and Trade] Betula lenta~wood is quite similar to B. alleghaniensis;~it is heavy, very hard and strong, with a silky sheen, close-grained and polishable. Both are economically important timber species providing lumber and veneer for use in the manufacture of furniture, cabinets, boxes, plywood, panelling and also in ship and boat building. Betula lenta~pulp is used in various products such as box boards, book and newsprint, and corrugated paper. Historically, B. lenta~was harvested to produce wintergreen oil (methyl salicylate) that was distilled from it. Today wintergreen oil is produced chemically using wood alcohol and salicylate. Native Americans used B. lenta medicinally to treat dysentery, colds, diarrhoea, fevers, soreness and milky urine, and as a spring tonic. The sap is very sweet, hence the common name and can be fermented to make beer.\textasciitilde{} [::Major Threat(s)] There are no known threats that are or will adversely affect B. lenta in the foreseeable future. Climate change will extirpate the species at its southern distribution but this will be offset with it northern range limits expanding in Quebec and Ontario, Canada. This species is listed as globally secure (G5) by NatureServe, however it is Critically Imperiled in Ontario.},
keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13621333,betula-lenta,conservation,forest-resources,iucn,iucn-least-concern-lc}
}
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{"_id":"uiHy5B47ph24LFSnW","bibbaseid":"stritch-betulalentaversion20143","authorIDs":[],"author_short":["Stritch, L."],"bibdata":{"bibtype":"incollection","type":"incollection","title":"Betula Lenta - Version 2014.3","booktitle":"The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species","author":[{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Stritch"],"firstnames":["L."],"suffixes":[]}],"date":"2014","pages":"194483/0+","url":"http://mfkp.org/INRMM/article/12345678____to-archive","abstract":"[Excerpt] Betula lenta is a widespread, commonly encountered tree found in the eastern United States of America and Canada. The population is stable and there are no known threats that are or will adversely affect this species in the foreseeable future. Climate change is expected to extirpate the species~at its southernmost distribution but this will be offset with its northern range limits expanding in Quebec and Ontario, Canada. It is therefore assessed as Least Concern.\\textasciitilde [::Common Name(s)] [::]English - Sweet birch, Round-leaf Birch, Cherry birch, Black birch [::Range Description] Betula lenta is a commonly encountered tree of northern hardwood forest ecosystems in the Appalachian mountains from New England, New York and Pennsylvania, where it is most abundant. The distribution extends southward from the mid and southern Appalachian mountains (Ohio, West Virginia, Maryland, Kentucky, Tennesee, North and South Carolina) to their southern terminus in northern Georgia and Alabama. In the most southern portions of its geographic range the species is sporadic and restricted to elevations greater than 914 m asl (3,000 ft.).~At the northern limit of its range it is a rarely encountered tree of extreme southeastern Ontario and sporadic in southernmost Quebec, Canada. [::Countries] Native:Canada (Ontario); United States (Connecticut, Georgia, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia) [::Population] Forest survey data indicate that B. lenta~is most abundant in Connecticut, Massachusetts, New York and Pennsylvania.\\textasciitilde The core populations of B. lenta that occur in Pennsylvania, New York and New England are predicted to expand with climate change as the 7° C average annual temperature isotherm moves northward into adjacent Ontario and Quebec, Canada. In northern New England and New York and Pennsylvania, subpopulations should remain stable. Potential changes in precipitation patterns and average annual precipitation amounts may affect B. lenta~subpopulations but those potential changes are unknown. [::Habitat and Ecology] Betula lenta is a slow-growing, shade intolerant, dominant, long-lived tree in the northern Appalachian Mountains. It is found in early, mid and late successional forests and grows in rich, well drained upland soils. It occurs~singly~or in small groups. It is commonly found growing with yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera), basswood (Tilia americana), white ash (Fraxinus americana), northern red oak (Quercus rubra), paper birch (Betula papyrifera), gray birch (B. populifolia), red maple (Acer rubrum), sugar maple (A. saccharum) and two conifers, eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis), Carolina hemlock (Tsuga carolina), and eastern white pine (Pinus strobus). Commonly encountered shrubs and small trees include American hornbeam (Carpinus caroliniana), hophornbeam (Ostrya virginiana), moosewood (Acer pensylvanicum), mountain maple (Acer spicatum), flowering dogwood (Cornus florida), downy serviceberry (Amelanchier arborea), maple-leaf viburnum (Viburnum acerifolium) and eastern leatherwood (Dirca palustris). Betula lenta~is a minor component of twelve Society of American Foresters forest cover types: Gray Birch-Red Maple (Type 19); White Pine-Northern Red Oak-Red Maple (Type 20); Eastern White Pine (Type 21); White Pine-Hemlock (Type 22); Hemlock-Yellow Birch (Type 24); Sugar Maple-Beech-Yellow Birch (Type 25); Sugar Maple (Type 27); Black Cherry-Maple (Type 28); Black Ash-American Elm-Red Maple (Type29); Yellow-Poplar (Type 57); Yellow-Poplar-Eastern Hemlock (Type 58) and Yellow-Poplar-White Oak-Northern Red Oak (Type 59). [::Use and Trade] Betula lenta~wood is quite similar to B. alleghaniensis;~it is heavy, very hard and strong, with a silky sheen, close-grained and polishable. Both are economically important timber species providing lumber and veneer for use in the manufacture of furniture, cabinets, boxes, plywood, panelling and also in ship and boat building. Betula lenta~pulp is used in various products such as box boards, book and newsprint, and corrugated paper. Historically, B. lenta~was harvested to produce wintergreen oil (methyl salicylate) that was distilled from it. Today wintergreen oil is produced chemically using wood alcohol and salicylate. Native Americans used B. lenta medicinally to treat dysentery, colds, diarrhoea, fevers, soreness and milky urine, and as a spring tonic. The sap is very sweet, hence the common name and can be fermented to make beer.\\textasciitilde [::Major Threat(s)] There are no known threats that are or will adversely affect B. lenta in the foreseeable future. Climate change will extirpate the species at its southern distribution but this will be offset with it northern range limits expanding in Quebec and Ontario, Canada. This species is listed as globally secure (G5) by NatureServe, however it is Critically Imperiled in Ontario.","keywords":"*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13621333,betula-lenta,conservation,forest-resources,iucn,iucn-least-concern-lc","bibtex":"@incollection{stritchBetulaLentaVersion2014,\n title = {Betula Lenta - {{Version}} 2014.3},\n booktitle = {The {{IUCN Red List}} of {{Threatened Species}}},\n author = {Stritch, L.},\n date = {2014},\n pages = {194483/0+},\n url = {http://mfkp.org/INRMM/article/12345678____to-archive},\n abstract = {[Excerpt] Betula lenta is a widespread, commonly encountered tree found in the eastern United States of America and Canada. The population is stable and there are no known threats that are or will adversely affect this species in the foreseeable future. Climate change is expected to extirpate the species~at its southernmost distribution but this will be offset with its northern range limits expanding in Quebec and Ontario, Canada. It is therefore assessed as Least Concern.\\textasciitilde{} [::Common Name(s)] [::]English - Sweet birch, Round-leaf Birch, Cherry birch, Black birch [::Range Description] Betula lenta is a commonly encountered tree of northern hardwood forest ecosystems in the Appalachian mountains from New England, New York and Pennsylvania, where it is most abundant. The distribution extends southward from the mid and southern Appalachian mountains (Ohio, West Virginia, Maryland, Kentucky, Tennesee, North and South Carolina) to their southern terminus in northern Georgia and Alabama. In the most southern portions of its geographic range the species is sporadic and restricted to elevations greater than 914 m asl (3,000 ft.).~At the northern limit of its range it is a rarely encountered tree of extreme southeastern Ontario and sporadic in southernmost Quebec, Canada. [::Countries] Native:Canada (Ontario); United States (Connecticut, Georgia, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia) [::Population] Forest survey data indicate that B. lenta~is most abundant in Connecticut, Massachusetts, New York and Pennsylvania.\\textasciitilde{} The core populations of B. lenta that occur in Pennsylvania, New York and New England are predicted to expand with climate change as the 7° C average annual temperature isotherm moves northward into adjacent Ontario and Quebec, Canada. In northern New England and New York and Pennsylvania, subpopulations should remain stable. Potential changes in precipitation patterns and average annual precipitation amounts may affect B. lenta~subpopulations but those potential changes are unknown. [::Habitat and Ecology] Betula lenta is a slow-growing, shade intolerant, dominant, long-lived tree in the northern Appalachian Mountains. It is found in early, mid and late successional forests and grows in rich, well drained upland soils. It occurs~singly~or in small groups. It is commonly found growing with yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera), basswood (Tilia americana), white ash (Fraxinus americana), northern red oak (Quercus rubra), paper birch (Betula papyrifera), gray birch (B. populifolia), red maple (Acer rubrum), sugar maple (A. saccharum) and two conifers, eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis), Carolina hemlock (Tsuga carolina), and eastern white pine (Pinus strobus). Commonly encountered shrubs and small trees include American hornbeam (Carpinus caroliniana), hophornbeam (Ostrya virginiana), moosewood (Acer pensylvanicum), mountain maple (Acer spicatum), flowering dogwood (Cornus florida), downy serviceberry (Amelanchier arborea), maple-leaf viburnum (Viburnum acerifolium) and eastern leatherwood (Dirca palustris). Betula lenta~is a minor component of twelve Society of American Foresters forest cover types: Gray Birch-Red Maple (Type 19); White Pine-Northern Red Oak-Red Maple (Type 20); Eastern White Pine (Type 21); White Pine-Hemlock (Type 22); Hemlock-Yellow Birch (Type 24); Sugar Maple-Beech-Yellow Birch (Type 25); Sugar Maple (Type 27); Black Cherry-Maple (Type 28); Black Ash-American Elm-Red Maple (Type29); Yellow-Poplar (Type 57); Yellow-Poplar-Eastern Hemlock (Type 58) and Yellow-Poplar-White Oak-Northern Red Oak (Type 59). [::Use and Trade] Betula lenta~wood is quite similar to B. alleghaniensis;~it is heavy, very hard and strong, with a silky sheen, close-grained and polishable. Both are economically important timber species providing lumber and veneer for use in the manufacture of furniture, cabinets, boxes, plywood, panelling and also in ship and boat building. Betula lenta~pulp is used in various products such as box boards, book and newsprint, and corrugated paper. Historically, B. lenta~was harvested to produce wintergreen oil (methyl salicylate) that was distilled from it. Today wintergreen oil is produced chemically using wood alcohol and salicylate. Native Americans used B. lenta medicinally to treat dysentery, colds, diarrhoea, fevers, soreness and milky urine, and as a spring tonic. The sap is very sweet, hence the common name and can be fermented to make beer.\\textasciitilde{} [::Major Threat(s)] There are no known threats that are or will adversely affect B. lenta in the foreseeable future. Climate change will extirpate the species at its southern distribution but this will be offset with it northern range limits expanding in Quebec and Ontario, Canada. 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