@incollection{stritchBetulaOccidentalisVersion2014,
  title = {Betula Occidentalis - {{Version}} 2014.3},
  booktitle = {The {{IUCN Red List}} of {{Threatened Species}}},
  author = {Stritch, L.},
  year = {2014},
  pages = {194643/0+},
  abstract = {[Excerpt] Betula occidentalis is a very common species throughout a very large geographic range. There are no known threats that are or will adversely affect this species in the foreseeable future. It is assessed as Least Concern. [::Common Name(s)] [::]English - Water birch, Black birch, Red birch, River birch, Mountain birch, Western birch [::]French - Bouleau fontinal, Bouleau occidental [::Range Description] This species occurs primarily in western North America. Subpopulations are especially common throughout the Rocky Mountains and reach as far east as northwestern Ontario. Subpopulations of this species are spotty throughout the Intermountain West, but more continuous in the aspen parklands of central Canada and more frequent in the northern and central mountain ranges of the Rocky Mountains. In the Intermountain West, it is commonly found along streamsides in the desert-woodland community into the foothills and mountains.\textasciitilde{} From British Columbia south to California it is generally found east of the Cascade Mountains and Sierra Nevada Mountains and Coastal Ranges.~Betula occidentalis occurs in the Great Plains of North America from Saskatchewan and Manitoba south to Colorado and Nebraska. [::Countries] Native:Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Northwest Territories, Ontario, Saskatchewan, Yukon); United States (Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oregon, South Dakota, Utah, Washington, Wyoming) [::Population] It is a very common species with a broad geographic distribution in western North America. However, there are no hard data on population numbers due to it being common and not an important commercial species.\textasciitilde{} [::Habitat and Ecology] This species forms a shrub or small tree, reaching 10 m. It is most common in riparian forests, woodlands or shrublands immediately surrounding waterways, marshes, lakeshores, wet swales or other wet sites and often occurs with cottonwoods (Populus spp.), willows (Salix~spp.), alders (Alnus~spp.), or red-osier dogwood (Cornus sericea) although dense pure thickets of water birch can also occur. The U.S. Army Corp of Engineers National Wetlands Plant List~(NWPL) ranks this species as a facultative species for the Alaska Region and a facultative wetland species for the Arid West, Western Mountains, Valleys and Coast, and Great Plains Regions. [::Use and Trade] There is no commercial trade of this species.~It has light, hard, strong and close grained wood and is used locally for firewood and fence posts.~The Native Americans used the wood for paddles, snowshoes and axehandles, the bark for canoes, bags, beakers etc.~Goats, sheep, mule deer and elk browse this species. Beavers harvest the stems of water birch to aid in their construction of dams and lodges. The broad-tailed hummingbird and red-napped sapsucker feed on sap oozing from holes in the bark made by sapsuckers.~This species is used in forested riparian buffers to help reduce steam bank erosion, protect aquatic environments, enhance wildlife and increase biodiversity. [::Major Threat(s)] There are no known threats. NatureServe (2013) ranks this species as secure (G5), however subpopulations in Ontario are Vulnerable and those in Nebraska are Critically Imperiled.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13621341,betula-occidentalis,conservation,forest-resources,iucn,iucn-least-concern-lc},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13621341}
}

{"_id":"Ki3jgBW3TatSnqRE4","bibbaseid":"stritch-betulaoccidentalisversion20143-2014","downloads":0,"creationDate":"2016-06-22T10:19:43.366Z","title":"Betula Occidentalis - Version 2014.3","author_short":["Stritch, L."],"year":2014,"bibtype":"incollection","biburl":"https://sharefast.me/php/download.php?id=zOUKvA&token=29","bibdata":{"bibtype":"incollection","type":"incollection","title":"Betula Occidentalis - Version 2014.3","booktitle":"The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species","author":[{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Stritch"],"firstnames":["L."],"suffixes":[]}],"year":"2014","pages":"194643/0+","abstract":"[Excerpt] Betula occidentalis is a very common species throughout a very large geographic range. There are no known threats that are or will adversely affect this species in the foreseeable future. It is assessed as Least Concern. [::Common Name(s)] [::]English - Water birch, Black birch, Red birch, River birch, Mountain birch, Western birch [::]French - Bouleau fontinal, Bouleau occidental [::Range Description] This species occurs primarily in western North America. Subpopulations are especially common throughout the Rocky Mountains and reach as far east as northwestern Ontario. Subpopulations of this species are spotty throughout the Intermountain West, but more continuous in the aspen parklands of central Canada and more frequent in the northern and central mountain ranges of the Rocky Mountains. In the Intermountain West, it is commonly found along streamsides in the desert-woodland community into the foothills and mountains.\\textasciitilde From British Columbia south to California it is generally found east of the Cascade Mountains and Sierra Nevada Mountains and Coastal Ranges.~Betula occidentalis occurs in the Great Plains of North America from Saskatchewan and Manitoba south to Colorado and Nebraska. [::Countries] Native:Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Northwest Territories, Ontario, Saskatchewan, Yukon); United States (Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oregon, South Dakota, Utah, Washington, Wyoming) [::Population] It is a very common species with a broad geographic distribution in western North America. However, there are no hard data on population numbers due to it being common and not an important commercial species.\\textasciitilde [::Habitat and Ecology] This species forms a shrub or small tree, reaching 10 m. It is most common in riparian forests, woodlands or shrublands immediately surrounding waterways, marshes, lakeshores, wet swales or other wet sites and often occurs with cottonwoods (Populus spp.), willows (Salix~spp.), alders (Alnus~spp.), or red-osier dogwood (Cornus sericea) although dense pure thickets of water birch can also occur. The U.S. Army Corp of Engineers National Wetlands Plant List~(NWPL) ranks this species as a facultative species for the Alaska Region and a facultative wetland species for the Arid West, Western Mountains, Valleys and Coast, and Great Plains Regions. [::Use and Trade] There is no commercial trade of this species.~It has light, hard, strong and close grained wood and is used locally for firewood and fence posts.~The Native Americans used the wood for paddles, snowshoes and axehandles, the bark for canoes, bags, beakers etc.~Goats, sheep, mule deer and elk browse this species. Beavers harvest the stems of water birch to aid in their construction of dams and lodges. The broad-tailed hummingbird and red-napped sapsucker feed on sap oozing from holes in the bark made by sapsuckers.~This species is used in forested riparian buffers to help reduce steam bank erosion, protect aquatic environments, enhance wildlife and increase biodiversity. [::Major Threat(s)] There are no known threats. NatureServe (2013) ranks this species as secure (G5), however subpopulations in Ontario are Vulnerable and those in Nebraska are Critically Imperiled.","keywords":"*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13621341,betula-occidentalis,conservation,forest-resources,iucn,iucn-least-concern-lc","lccn":"INRMM-MiD:c-13621341","bibtex":"@incollection{stritchBetulaOccidentalisVersion2014,\n title = {Betula Occidentalis - {{Version}} 2014.3},\n booktitle = {The {{IUCN Red List}} of {{Threatened Species}}},\n author = {Stritch, L.},\n year = {2014},\n pages = {194643/0+},\n abstract = {[Excerpt] Betula occidentalis is a very common species throughout a very large geographic range. There are no known threats that are or will adversely affect this species in the foreseeable future. It is assessed as Least Concern. [::Common Name(s)] [::]English - Water birch, Black birch, Red birch, River birch, Mountain birch, Western birch [::]French - Bouleau fontinal, Bouleau occidental [::Range Description] This species occurs primarily in western North America. Subpopulations are especially common throughout the Rocky Mountains and reach as far east as northwestern Ontario. Subpopulations of this species are spotty throughout the Intermountain West, but more continuous in the aspen parklands of central Canada and more frequent in the northern and central mountain ranges of the Rocky Mountains. In the Intermountain West, it is commonly found along streamsides in the desert-woodland community into the foothills and mountains.\\textasciitilde{} From British Columbia south to California it is generally found east of the Cascade Mountains and Sierra Nevada Mountains and Coastal Ranges.~Betula occidentalis occurs in the Great Plains of North America from Saskatchewan and Manitoba south to Colorado and Nebraska. [::Countries] Native:Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Northwest Territories, Ontario, Saskatchewan, Yukon); United States (Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oregon, South Dakota, Utah, Washington, Wyoming) [::Population] It is a very common species with a broad geographic distribution in western North America. However, there are no hard data on population numbers due to it being common and not an important commercial species.\\textasciitilde{} [::Habitat and Ecology] This species forms a shrub or small tree, reaching 10 m. It is most common in riparian forests, woodlands or shrublands immediately surrounding waterways, marshes, lakeshores, wet swales or other wet sites and often occurs with cottonwoods (Populus spp.), willows (Salix~spp.), alders (Alnus~spp.), or red-osier dogwood (Cornus sericea) although dense pure thickets of water birch can also occur. The U.S. Army Corp of Engineers National Wetlands Plant List~(NWPL) ranks this species as a facultative species for the Alaska Region and a facultative wetland species for the Arid West, Western Mountains, Valleys and Coast, and Great Plains Regions. [::Use and Trade] There is no commercial trade of this species.~It has light, hard, strong and close grained wood and is used locally for firewood and fence posts.~The Native Americans used the wood for paddles, snowshoes and axehandles, the bark for canoes, bags, beakers etc.~Goats, sheep, mule deer and elk browse this species. Beavers harvest the stems of water birch to aid in their construction of dams and lodges. The broad-tailed hummingbird and red-napped sapsucker feed on sap oozing from holes in the bark made by sapsuckers.~This species is used in forested riparian buffers to help reduce steam bank erosion, protect aquatic environments, enhance wildlife and increase biodiversity. [::Major Threat(s)] There are no known threats. NatureServe (2013) ranks this species as secure (G5), however subpopulations in Ontario are Vulnerable and those in Nebraska are Critically Imperiled.},\n keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13621341,betula-occidentalis,conservation,forest-resources,iucn,iucn-least-concern-lc},\n lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13621341}\n}\n\n","author_short":["Stritch, L."],"key":"stritchBetulaOccidentalisVersion2014","id":"stritchBetulaOccidentalisVersion2014","bibbaseid":"stritch-betulaoccidentalisversion20143-2014","role":"author","urls":{},"keyword":["*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM","~INRMM-MiD:c-13621341","betula-occidentalis","conservation","forest-resources","iucn","iucn-least-concern-lc"],"downloads":0},"search_terms":["betula","occidentalis","version","2014","stritch"],"keywords":["betula-occidentalis","conservation","forest-resources","iucn","iucn-least-concern-lc","*imported-from-citeulike-inrmm","~inrmm-mid:c-13621341"],"authorIDs":[],"dataSources":["5S2zj2hKW8TWTkuMq"]}