Tree architecture: A strigolactone-deficient mutant reveals a connection between branching order and auxin gradient along the tree stem. Su, C., Kokosza, A., Xie, X., Pěnčík, A., Zhang, Y., Raumonen, P., Shi, X., Muranen, S., Topcu, M. K., Immanen, J., Hagqvist, R., Safronov, O., Alonso-Serra, J., Eswaran, G., Venegas, M. P., Ljung, K., Ward, S., Mähönen, A. P., Himanen, K., Salojärvi, J., Fernie, A. R., Novák, O., Leyser, O., Pałubicki, W., Helariutta, Y., & Nieminen, K. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 120(48):e2308587120, November, 2023. Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Tree architecture: A strigolactone-deficient mutant reveals a connection between branching order and auxin gradient along the tree stem [link]Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   
Due to their long lifespan, trees and bushes develop higher order of branches in a perennial manner. In contrast to a tall tree, with a clearly defined main stem and branching order, a bush is shorter and has a less apparent main stem and branching pattern. To address the developmental basis of these two forms, we studied several naturally occurring architectural variants in silver birch (Betula pendula). Using a candidate gene approach, we identified a bushy kanttarelli variant with a loss-of-function mutation in the BpMAX1 gene required for strigolactone (SL) biosynthesis. While kanttarelli is shorter than the wild type (WT), it has the same number of primary branches, whereas the number of secondary branches is increased, contributing to its bush-like phenotype. To confirm that the identified mutation was responsible for the phenotype, we phenocopied kanttarelli in transgenic BpMAX1::RNAi birch lines. SL profiling confirmed that both kanttarelli and the transgenic lines produced very limited amounts of SL. Interestingly, the auxin (IAA) distribution along the main stem differed between WT and BpMAX1::RNAi. In the WT, the auxin concentration formed a gradient, being higher in the uppermost internodes and decreasing toward the basal part of the stem, whereas in the transgenic line, this gradient was not observed. Through modeling, we showed that the different IAA distribution patterns may result from the difference in the number of higher-order branches and plant height. Future studies will determine whether the IAA gradient itself regulates aspects of plant architecture.
@article{su_tree_2023,
	title = {Tree architecture: {A} strigolactone-deficient mutant reveals a connection between branching order and auxin gradient along the tree stem},
	volume = {120},
	shorttitle = {Tree architecture},
	url = {https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2308587120},
	doi = {10.1073/pnas.2308587120},
	abstract = {Due to their long lifespan, trees and bushes develop higher order of branches in a perennial manner. In contrast to a tall tree, with a clearly defined main stem and branching order, a bush is shorter and has a less apparent main stem and branching pattern. To address the developmental basis of these two forms, we studied several naturally occurring architectural variants in silver birch (Betula pendula). Using a candidate gene approach, we identified a bushy kanttarelli variant with a loss-of-function mutation in the BpMAX1 gene required for strigolactone (SL) biosynthesis. While kanttarelli is shorter than the wild type (WT), it has the same number of primary branches, whereas the number of secondary branches is increased, contributing to its bush-like phenotype. To confirm that the identified mutation was responsible for the phenotype, we phenocopied kanttarelli in transgenic BpMAX1::RNAi birch lines. SL profiling confirmed that both kanttarelli and the transgenic lines produced very limited amounts of SL. Interestingly, the auxin (IAA) distribution along the main stem differed between WT and BpMAX1::RNAi. In the WT, the auxin concentration formed a gradient, being higher in the uppermost internodes and decreasing toward the basal part of the stem, whereas in the transgenic line, this gradient was not observed. Through modeling, we showed that the different IAA distribution patterns may result from the difference in the number of higher-order branches and plant height. Future studies will determine whether the IAA gradient itself regulates aspects of plant architecture.},
	number = {48},
	urldate = {2023-11-24},
	journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
	author = {Su, Chang and Kokosza, Andrzej and Xie, Xiaonan and Pěnčík, Aleš and Zhang, Youjun and Raumonen, Pasi and Shi, Xueping and Muranen, Sampo and Topcu, Melis Kucukoglu and Immanen, Juha and Hagqvist, Risto and Safronov, Omid and Alonso-Serra, Juan and Eswaran, Gugan and Venegas, Mirko Pavicic and Ljung, Karin and Ward, Sally and Mähönen, Ari Pekka and Himanen, Kristiina and Salojärvi, Jarkko and Fernie, Alisdair R. and Novák, Ondřej and Leyser, Ottoline and Pałubicki, Wojtek and Helariutta, Ykä and Nieminen, Kaisa},
	month = nov,
	year = {2023},
	note = {Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
	pages = {e2308587120},
}
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