@article{swank_nutrient_1975,
	title = {Nutrient flux in undisturbed and manipulated forest ecosystems in the southern {Proceedings} of the {Tokyo} symposium on the hydrological characteristics of river basins and the effects on these characteristics of better water management; 1975 {December}; {Tokyo}},
	url = {http://cwt33.ecology.uga.edu/publications/450.pdf},
	abstract = {Nutrient concentrations in stream water were studied on 8 mature hardwood ecosystems and 16 altered forested systems. The Budget on NO3-N, NH4-N, PO4-P, Cl-, K+, Na+, Ca++, Mg++, and SO4= was derived for 14 watersheds.  Compared with undisturbed watersheds, a grass-to-forest succession watershed that had been fertilized, limed, and herbicided showed larger losses of ions except for PO4-P.  Elevated NO3-N discharge was evident at least 10 years after cutting, but appeared to return to baseline levels 20 years after treatment. Conversion of hardwoods to white pine reduced the loss of most nutrients.  No changes in the discharge of NH4-N and PO4-P were observed for any of the watersheds; all ecosystems showed very large accumulations of SO4=.},
	author = {Swank, {and} J. E. Douglass, W. T.},
	year = {1975},
	keywords = {CWT}
}

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