@article{RN154,
   author = {Sweeney, D. C. and Weaver, J. C. and Davalos, R. V.},
   title = {Characterization of Cell Membrane Permeability In Vitro Part I: Transport Behavior Induced by Single-Pulse Electric Fields},
   journal = {Technol Cancer Res Treat},
   volume = {17},
   pages = {1533033818792491},
   note = {1533-0338
Sweeney, Daniel C
Orcid: 0000-0002-1289-1627
Weaver, James C
Davalos, Rafael V
P01 CA207206/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States
Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
United States
2018/09/22
Technol Cancer Res Treat. 2018 Jan 1;17:1533033818792491. doi: 10.1177/1533033818792491.},
   abstract = {Most experimental studies of electroporation focus on permeabilization of the outer cell membrane. Some experiments address delivery of ions and molecules into cells that should survive; others focus on efficient killing of the cells with minimal temperature rise. A basic method for quantifying electroporation effectiveness is measuring the membrane's diffusive permeability. More specifically, comparisons of membrane permeability between electroporation protocols often rely on relative fluorescence measurements, which are not able to be directly connected to theoretical calculations and complicate comparisons between studies. Here we present part I of a 2-part study: a research method for quantitatively determining the membrane diffusive permeability for individual cells using fluorescence microscopy. We determine diffusive permeabilities of cell membranes to propidium for electric field pulses with durations of 1 to 1000 μs and strengths of 170 to 400 kV/m and show that diffusive permeabilities can reach 1.3±0.4×10-8 m/s. This leads to a correlation between increased membrane permeability and eventual propidium uptake. We also identify a subpopulation of cells that exhibit a delayed and significant propidium uptake for relatively small single pulses. Our results provide evidence that cells, especially those that uptake propidium more slowly, can achieve large permeabilities with a single electrical pulse that may be quantitatively measured using standard fluorescence microscopy equipment and techniques.},
   keywords = {Biological Transport/*physiology
Cell Membrane/metabolism/*physiology
Cell Membrane Permeability/*physiology
Electrochemotherapy/methods
Electromagnetic Fields
Electroporation/methods
Propidium/metabolism
diffusion
electroporation
propidium
pulsed electric fields
transport},
   ISSN = {1533-0346 (Print)
1533-0338},
   DOI = {10.1177/1533033818792491},
   year = {2018},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

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V."],"bibdata":{"bibtype":"article","type":"Journal Article","author":[{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Sweeney"],"firstnames":["D.","C."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Weaver"],"firstnames":["J.","C."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Davalos"],"firstnames":["R.","V."],"suffixes":[]}],"title":"Characterization of Cell Membrane Permeability In Vitro Part I: Transport Behavior Induced by Single-Pulse Electric Fields","journal":"Technol Cancer Res Treat","volume":"17","pages":"1533033818792491","note":"1533-0338 Sweeney, Daniel C Orcid: 0000-0002-1289-1627 Weaver, James C Davalos, Rafael V P01 CA207206/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States Journal Article Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. United States 2018/09/22 Technol Cancer Res Treat. 2018 Jan 1;17:1533033818792491. doi: 10.1177/1533033818792491.","abstract":"Most experimental studies of electroporation focus on permeabilization of the outer cell membrane. Some experiments address delivery of ions and molecules into cells that should survive; others focus on efficient killing of the cells with minimal temperature rise. A basic method for quantifying electroporation effectiveness is measuring the membrane's diffusive permeability. More specifically, comparisons of membrane permeability between electroporation protocols often rely on relative fluorescence measurements, which are not able to be directly connected to theoretical calculations and complicate comparisons between studies. Here we present part I of a 2-part study: a research method for quantitatively determining the membrane diffusive permeability for individual cells using fluorescence microscopy. We determine diffusive permeabilities of cell membranes to propidium for electric field pulses with durations of 1 to 1000 μs and strengths of 170 to 400 kV/m and show that diffusive permeabilities can reach 1.3±0.4×10-8 m/s. This leads to a correlation between increased membrane permeability and eventual propidium uptake. We also identify a subpopulation of cells that exhibit a delayed and significant propidium uptake for relatively small single pulses. Our results provide evidence that cells, especially those that uptake propidium more slowly, can achieve large permeabilities with a single electrical pulse that may be quantitatively measured using standard fluorescence microscopy equipment and techniques.","keywords":"Biological Transport/*physiology Cell Membrane/metabolism/*physiology Cell Membrane Permeability/*physiology Electrochemotherapy/methods Electromagnetic Fields Electroporation/methods Propidium/metabolism diffusion electroporation propidium pulsed electric fields transport","issn":"1533-0346 (Print) 1533-0338","doi":"10.1177/1533033818792491","year":"2018","bibtex":"@article{RN154,\n author = {Sweeney, D. C. and Weaver, J. C. and Davalos, R. V.},\n title = {Characterization of Cell Membrane Permeability In Vitro Part I: Transport Behavior Induced by Single-Pulse Electric Fields},\n journal = {Technol Cancer Res Treat},\n volume = {17},\n pages = {1533033818792491},\n note = {1533-0338\nSweeney, Daniel C\nOrcid: 0000-0002-1289-1627\nWeaver, James C\nDavalos, Rafael V\nP01 CA207206/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States\nJournal Article\nResearch Support, N.I.H., Extramural\nResearch Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.\nUnited States\n2018/09/22\nTechnol Cancer Res Treat. 2018 Jan 1;17:1533033818792491. doi: 10.1177/1533033818792491.},\n abstract = {Most experimental studies of electroporation focus on permeabilization of the outer cell membrane. Some experiments address delivery of ions and molecules into cells that should survive; others focus on efficient killing of the cells with minimal temperature rise. A basic method for quantifying electroporation effectiveness is measuring the membrane's diffusive permeability. More specifically, comparisons of membrane permeability between electroporation protocols often rely on relative fluorescence measurements, which are not able to be directly connected to theoretical calculations and complicate comparisons between studies. Here we present part I of a 2-part study: a research method for quantitatively determining the membrane diffusive permeability for individual cells using fluorescence microscopy. We determine diffusive permeabilities of cell membranes to propidium for electric field pulses with durations of 1 to 1000 μs and strengths of 170 to 400 kV/m and show that diffusive permeabilities can reach 1.3±0.4×10-8 m/s. This leads to a correlation between increased membrane permeability and eventual propidium uptake. We also identify a subpopulation of cells that exhibit a delayed and significant propidium uptake for relatively small single pulses. 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