Is Optimism Always Best?: Future Outlooks and Preparedness. Sweeny, K., Carroll, P. J., & Shepperd, J. A. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 15(6):302–306, December, 2006.
Is Optimism Always Best?: Future Outlooks and Preparedness [link]Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   
Although people generally appear optimistic about the future, they shift from optimism under certain circumstances. Drawing from a recent review of the literature, we describe how both optimism and shifts from optimism serve the common goal of preparedness, which includes a readiness to deal with setbacks and a readiness to take advantage of opportunities. Shifts from optimism occur in response to available information and to the possibility that things may not turn out as hoped. People tend to shift from optimism when feedback is anticipated in the near future, when the outcome is important, when negative outcomes are easily imagined, and when the outcomes are uncontrollable. In addition, people with low self-esteem shift from optimism more readily than do people with high self-esteem. Finally, both optimism and shifts from optimism have unique benefits in terms of preparedness.
@article{sweeny_is_2006,
	title = {Is {Optimism} {Always} {Best}?: {Future} {Outlooks} and {Preparedness}},
	volume = {15},
	issn = {0963-7214},
	shorttitle = {Is {Optimism} {Always} {Best}?},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8721.2006.00457.x},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1467-8721.2006.00457.x},
	abstract = {Although people generally appear optimistic about the future, they shift from optimism under certain circumstances. Drawing from a recent review of the literature, we describe how both optimism and shifts from optimism serve the common goal of preparedness, which includes a readiness to deal with setbacks and a readiness to take advantage of opportunities. Shifts from optimism occur in response to available information and to the possibility that things may not turn out as hoped. People tend to shift from optimism when feedback is anticipated in the near future, when the outcome is important, when negative outcomes are easily imagined, and when the outcomes are uncontrollable. In addition, people with low self-esteem shift from optimism more readily than do people with high self-esteem. Finally, both optimism and shifts from optimism have unique benefits in terms of preparedness.},
	language = {en},
	number = {6},
	urldate = {2017-11-15},
	journal = {Current Directions in Psychological Science},
	author = {Sweeny, Kate and Carroll, Patrick J. and Shepperd, James A.},
	month = dec,
	year = {2006},
	keywords = {psychology, collapse, hope},
	pages = {302--306},
	file = {Sweeny et al. - 2006 - Is Optimism Always Best Future Outlooks and Prep.pdf:C\:\\Users\\rsrs\\Documents\\Zotero Database\\storage\\J3PTQJMH\\Sweeny et al. - 2006 - Is Optimism Always Best Future Outlooks and Prep.pdf:application/pdf}
}

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