The role of familiarity in correcting inaccurate information. Swire, B., Ecker, U., & Lewandowsky, S. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning Memory and Cognition, 43(12):1948–1961, 2017. doi abstract bibtex People frequently continue to use inaccurate information in their reasoning even after a credible retraction has been presented. This phenomenon is often referred to as the continued influence effect of misinformation. The repetition of the original misconception within a retraction could contribute to this phenomenon, as it could inadvertently make the "myth" more familiar-and familiar information is more likely to be accepted as true. From a dual-process perspective, familiarity-based acceptance of myths is most likely to occur in the absence of strategic memory processes. Thus, we examined factors known to affect whether strategic memory processes can be utilized: age, detail, and time. Participants rated their belief in various statements of unclear veracity, and facts were subsequently affirmed and myths were retracted. Participants then rerated their belief either immediately or after a delay. We compared groups of young and older participants, and we manipulated the amount of detail presented in the affirmative or corrective explanations, as well as the retention interval between encoding and a retrieval attempt. We found that (a) older adults over the age of 65 were worse at sustaining their postcorrection belief that myths were inaccurate, (b) a greater level of explanatory detail promoted more sustained belief change, and (c) fact affirmations promoted more sustained belief change in comparison with myth retractions over the course of 1 week (but not over 3 weeks), This supports the notion that familiarity is indeed a driver of continued influence effects. © 2017 American Psychological Association.
@article{swire_role_2017,
title = {The role of familiarity in correcting inaccurate information},
volume = {43},
doi = {10.1037/xlm0000422},
abstract = {People frequently continue to use inaccurate information in their reasoning even after a credible retraction has been presented. This phenomenon is often referred to as the continued influence effect of misinformation. The repetition of the original misconception within a retraction could contribute to this phenomenon, as it could inadvertently make the "myth" more familiar-and familiar information is more likely to be accepted as true. From a dual-process perspective, familiarity-based acceptance of myths is most likely to occur in the absence of strategic memory processes. Thus, we examined factors known to affect whether strategic memory processes can be utilized: age, detail, and time. Participants rated their belief in various statements of unclear veracity, and facts were subsequently affirmed and myths were retracted. Participants then rerated their belief either immediately or after a delay. We compared groups of young and older participants, and we manipulated the amount of detail presented in the affirmative or corrective explanations, as well as the retention interval between encoding and a retrieval attempt. We found that (a) older adults over the age of 65 were worse at sustaining their postcorrection belief that myths were inaccurate, (b) a greater level of explanatory detail promoted more sustained belief change, and (c) fact affirmations promoted more sustained belief change in comparison with myth retractions over the course of 1 week (but not over 3 weeks), This supports the notion that familiarity is indeed a driver of continued influence effects. © 2017 American Psychological Association.},
number = {12},
journal = {Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning Memory and Cognition},
author = {Swire, B. and Ecker, U.K.H. and Lewandowsky, S.},
year = {2017},
keywords = {Belief updating, Continued influence effect, Familiarity backfire effect, Older adults, misinformation},
pages = {1948--1961}
}
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Thus, we examined factors known to affect whether strategic memory processes can be utilized: age, detail, and time. Participants rated their belief in various statements of unclear veracity, and facts were subsequently affirmed and myths were retracted. Participants then rerated their belief either immediately or after a delay. We compared groups of young and older participants, and we manipulated the amount of detail presented in the affirmative or corrective explanations, as well as the retention interval between encoding and a retrieval attempt. We found that (a) older adults over the age of 65 were worse at sustaining their postcorrection belief that myths were inaccurate, (b) a greater level of explanatory detail promoted more sustained belief change, and (c) fact affirmations promoted more sustained belief change in comparison with myth retractions over the course of 1 week (but not over 3 weeks), This supports the notion that familiarity is indeed a driver of continued influence effects. © 2017 American Psychological Association.","number":"12","journal":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning Memory and Cognition","author":[{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Swire"],"firstnames":["B."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Ecker"],"firstnames":["U.K.H."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Lewandowsky"],"firstnames":["S."],"suffixes":[]}],"year":"2017","keywords":"Belief updating, Continued influence effect, Familiarity backfire effect, Older adults, misinformation","pages":"1948–1961","bibtex":"@article{swire_role_2017,\n\ttitle = {The role of familiarity in correcting inaccurate information},\n\tvolume = {43},\n\tdoi = {10.1037/xlm0000422},\n\tabstract = {People frequently continue to use inaccurate information in their reasoning even after a credible retraction has been presented. 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