T-Lohi: A New Class of MAC Protocols for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks. Syed, A. A., Ye, W., & Heidemann, J. In Proceedings of the IEEE Infocom, Phoenix, Arizona, USA, April, 2008. IEEE. Paper doi abstract bibtex This paper introduces T-Lohi, a new class of distributed and energy-efficient media-access protocols (MAC) for underwater acoustic sensor networks (UWSN). MAC design for UWSN faces significant challenges. For example, acoustic communication suffers from latencies five orders-of-magnitude larger than radio communication, so a naive CSMA MAC would require very long listen time resulting in low throughput and poor energy efficiency. In this paper, we first identify unique characteristics in underwater networking that may affect all MACs, such as space-time uncertainty and deafness conditions. We then develop T-Lohi employing a novel tone-based contention resolution mechanism that exploits space-time uncertainty and high latency to detect collisions and \emphcount contenders, achieving good throughput across all offered loads. Lohi uses our low-power wake-up receiver to significantly reduce energy consumption. Finally, we evaluate design choices and protocol performance through extensive simulation. The results show that the energy cost of packet transmission is within 3–9% of optimal, and that Lohi achieves good channel utilization, within 30% utilization of the theoretical maximum. We also show that Lohi is stable and fair under both low and very high offered loads.
@InProceedings{Syed08a,
author = "Affan A. Syed and Wei Ye and John Heidemann",
title = "T-Lohi: A New Class of MAC Protocols for
Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks",
booktitle = "Proceedings of the " # " IEEE Infocom",
year = 2008,
sortdate = "2008-05-01",
project = "ilense, snuse, cisoft",
jsubject = "sensornet_high_latency",
publisher = "IEEE",
address = "Phoenix, Arizona, USA",
month = apr,
xpages = "none",
location = "johnh: pafile",
keywords = "Lohi, underwater MAC, acoustic networks",
supporting = "The simulator used in this paper is available at
\url{http://www.isi.edu/ilense/software/}.",
myorganization = "USC/Information Sciences Institute",
copyrightholder = "IEEE",
copyrightterms = " Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works must be obtained from the IEEE. ",
doi = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/INFOCOM.2008.55",
url = "http://www.isi.edu/%7ejohnh/PAPERS/Syed08a.html",
pdfurl = "http://www.isi.edu/%7ejohnh/PAPERS/Syed08a.pdf",
abstract = "
This paper introduces T-Lohi, a new class of distributed and
energy-efficient media-access protocols (MAC) for underwater acoustic
sensor networks (UWSN). MAC design for UWSN faces significant
challenges. For example, acoustic communication suffers from latencies
five orders-of-magnitude larger than radio communication, so a naive
CSMA MAC would require very long listen time resulting in low
throughput and poor energy efficiency. In this paper, we first
identify unique characteristics in underwater networking that may
affect all MACs, such as space-time uncertainty and deafness
conditions. We then develop T-Lohi employing a novel tone-based
contention resolution mechanism that exploits space-time uncertainty
and high latency to detect collisions and \emph{count contenders},
achieving good throughput across all offered loads. Lohi uses our
low-power wake-up receiver to significantly reduce energy consumption.
Finally, we evaluate design choices and protocol performance through
extensive simulation. The results show that the energy cost of packet
transmission is within~3--9\% of optimal, and that Lohi achieves good
channel utilization, within~30\% utilization of the theoretical
maximum. We also show that Lohi is stable and fair under both low and
very high offered loads.
",
}
% title = "Comparison and Evaluation of the {T-Lohi} {MAC} for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks",
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However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works must be obtained from the IEEE. ","doi":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/INFOCOM.2008.55","url":"http://www.isi.edu/%7ejohnh/PAPERS/Syed08a.html","pdfurl":"http://www.isi.edu/%7ejohnh/PAPERS/Syed08a.pdf","abstract":"This paper introduces T-Lohi, a new class of distributed and energy-efficient media-access protocols (MAC) for underwater acoustic sensor networks (UWSN). MAC design for UWSN faces significant challenges. For example, acoustic communication suffers from latencies five orders-of-magnitude larger than radio communication, so a naive CSMA MAC would require very long listen time resulting in low throughput and poor energy efficiency. In this paper, we first identify unique characteristics in underwater networking that may affect all MACs, such as space-time uncertainty and deafness conditions. We then develop T-Lohi employing a novel tone-based contention resolution mechanism that exploits space-time uncertainty and high latency to detect collisions and \\emphcount contenders, achieving good throughput across all offered loads. Lohi uses our low-power wake-up receiver to significantly reduce energy consumption. Finally, we evaluate design choices and protocol performance through extensive simulation. The results show that the energy cost of packet transmission is within 3–9% of optimal, and that Lohi achieves good channel utilization, within 30% utilization of the theoretical maximum. We also show that Lohi is stable and fair under both low and very high offered loads. ","bibtex":"@InProceedings{Syed08a,\n\tauthor = \"Affan A. 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However, \tpermission to reprint/republish this material for advertising \tor promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, \tor to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works \tmust be obtained from the IEEE. \",\n\tdoi = \"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/INFOCOM.2008.55\",\n\turl = \"http://www.isi.edu/%7ejohnh/PAPERS/Syed08a.html\",\n\tpdfurl = \"http://www.isi.edu/%7ejohnh/PAPERS/Syed08a.pdf\",\n\tabstract = \"\nThis paper introduces T-Lohi, a new class of distributed and\nenergy-efficient media-access protocols (MAC) for underwater acoustic\nsensor networks (UWSN). MAC design for UWSN faces significant\nchallenges. For example, acoustic communication suffers from latencies\nfive orders-of-magnitude larger than radio communication, so a naive\nCSMA MAC would require very long listen time resulting in low\nthroughput and poor energy efficiency. In this paper, we first\nidentify unique characteristics in underwater networking that may\naffect all MACs, such as space-time uncertainty and deafness\nconditions. We then develop T-Lohi employing a novel tone-based\ncontention resolution mechanism that exploits space-time uncertainty\nand high latency to detect collisions and \\emph{count contenders},\nachieving good throughput across all offered loads. Lohi uses our\nlow-power wake-up receiver to significantly reduce energy consumption.\nFinally, we evaluate design choices and protocol performance through\nextensive simulation. The results show that the energy cost of packet\ntransmission is within~3--9\\% of optimal, and that Lohi achieves good\nchannel utilization, within~30\\% utilization of the theoretical\nmaximum. 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