@article{taffinder_validation_1998,
	title = {Validation of virtual reality to teach and assess psychomotor skills in laparoscopic surgery: results from randomised controlled studies using the {MIST} {VR} laparoscopic simulator},
	volume = {50},
	issn = {0926-9630},
	shorttitle = {Validation of virtual reality to teach and assess psychomotor skills in laparoscopic surgery},
	abstract = {Objective assessment of surgical technique is currently impossible. A virtual reality simulator for laparoscopic surgery (MIST VR) models the movements needed to perform minimally invasive surgery and can generate a score for various aspects of psychomotor skill. Two studies were performed using the simulator: first to assess surgeons of different surgical experience to validate the scoring system; second to assess in a randomised controlled way, the effect of a standard laparoscopic surgery training course. Experienced surgeons ({\textgreater} 100 laparoscopic cholecystectomies) were significantly more efficient, made less correctional submovements and completed the virtual reality tasks faster than trainee surgeons or non-surgeons. The training course caused an improvement in efficiency and a reduction in errors, without a significant increase in speed when compared with the control group. The MIST VR simulator can objectively assess a number of desirable qualities in laparoscopic surgery, and can distinguish between experienced and novice surgeons. We have also quantified the beneficial effect of a structured training course on psychomotor skill acquisition.},
	journal = {Studies in health technology and informatics},
	author = {Taffinder, N and Sutton, C and Fishwick, R J and McManus, I C and Darzi, A},
	year = {1998},
	pmid = {10180527},
	keywords = {Cholecystectomy, Clinical Competence, Computer Simulation, Computer-Assisted Instruction, Electrocoagulation, General Surgery, Humans, Psychomotor Performance, Statistics, Nonparametric, laparoscopy},
	pages = {124--130}
}

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A virtual reality simulator for laparoscopic surgery (MIST VR) models the movements needed to perform minimally invasive surgery and can generate a score for various aspects of psychomotor skill. Two studies were performed using the simulator: first to assess surgeons of different surgical experience to validate the scoring system; second to assess in a randomised controlled way, the effect of a standard laparoscopic surgery training course. Experienced surgeons (\\textgreater 100 laparoscopic cholecystectomies) were significantly more efficient, made less correctional submovements and completed the virtual reality tasks faster than trainee surgeons or non-surgeons. The training course caused an improvement in efficiency and a reduction in errors, without a significant increase in speed when compared with the control group. The MIST VR simulator can objectively assess a number of desirable qualities in laparoscopic surgery, and can distinguish between experienced and novice surgeons. We have also quantified the beneficial effect of a structured training course on psychomotor skill acquisition.","journal":"Studies in health technology and informatics","author":[{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Taffinder"],"firstnames":["N"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Sutton"],"firstnames":["C"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Fishwick"],"firstnames":["R","J"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["McManus"],"firstnames":["I","C"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Darzi"],"firstnames":["A"],"suffixes":[]}],"year":"1998","pmid":"10180527","keywords":"Cholecystectomy, Clinical Competence, Computer Simulation, Computer-Assisted Instruction, Electrocoagulation, General Surgery, Humans, Psychomotor Performance, Statistics, Nonparametric, laparoscopy","pages":"124--130","bibtex":"@article{taffinder_validation_1998,\n\ttitle = {Validation of virtual reality to teach and assess psychomotor skills in laparoscopic surgery: results from randomised controlled studies using the {MIST} {VR} laparoscopic simulator},\n\tvolume = {50},\n\tissn = {0926-9630},\n\tshorttitle = {Validation of virtual reality to teach and assess psychomotor skills in laparoscopic surgery},\n\tabstract = {Objective assessment of surgical technique is currently impossible. A virtual reality simulator for laparoscopic surgery (MIST VR) models the movements needed to perform minimally invasive surgery and can generate a score for various aspects of psychomotor skill. Two studies were performed using the simulator: first to assess surgeons of different surgical experience to validate the scoring system; second to assess in a randomised controlled way, the effect of a standard laparoscopic surgery training course. Experienced surgeons ({\\textgreater} 100 laparoscopic cholecystectomies) were significantly more efficient, made less correctional submovements and completed the virtual reality tasks faster than trainee surgeons or non-surgeons. The training course caused an improvement in efficiency and a reduction in errors, without a significant increase in speed when compared with the control group. 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