@article{
 title = {Influence of vertical transport on free tropospheric aerosols over the central USA in springtime},
 type = {article},
 year = {1998},
 keywords = {6 to 12 km,Air parcels,Anthropogenic aerosols,Atmospheric aerosol chemical composition measureme,Atmospheric composition,Atmospheric movements,Boreal springtime,Ca,Ca/sup 2+/,Central USA,Crustal aerosols,Free tropospheric aerosols,K/sup +/,Mg,Mg/sup 2+/,Mixing ratio,NH/sub 4/,NH/sub 4//sup +/,NO/sub 3/,NO/sub 3//sup -/,Na,Na/sup +/,SO/sub 4/,SO/sub 4//sup 2-/,Subsonic Aircraft Contrail and Cloud Effects Speci,Troposphere,Upper troposphere,Vertical transport,Water-soluble aerosol material,success},
 pages = {1367-1370},
 volume = {25},
 id = {108558b0-a29c-3fc9-9149-9d46231a992d},
 created = {2015-02-12T14:35:29.000Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {81af7548-db00-3f00-bfa0-1774347c59e1},
 group_id = {63e349d6-2c70-3938-9e67-2f6483f6cbab},
 last_modified = {2015-02-12T20:19:56.000Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {Journal Article},
 notes = {<m:note>Article<m:linebreak/>American Geophys. Union</m:note>},
 abstract = {Measurements of the atmospheric aerosol chemical composition during the Subsonic Aircraft: Contrail and Cloud Effects Special Study (SUCCESS) indicate substantial vertical transport of boundary layer aerosol to the free troposphere over the south-central United States during springtime. Mixing ratios of water-soluble aerosol Ca/sup 2+/ at 6-12 km altitude exhibited a median mixing ratio of 20 pptv, with 15% of the measurements >or=100 pptv and a maximum of 1235 pptv. In air parcels with enhanced Ca/sup 2+/, the ratios K/sup +//Ca/sup 2+/, Mg/sup 2+//Ca/sup 2+/ and Na/sup +//Ca/sup 2+/ in the bulk aerosol were distinctly characteristic of those in limestone and/or cement. Significantly enhanced mixing ratios of aerosol SO/sub 4//sup 2-/, NO/sub 3//sup -/ and NH/sub 4//sup +/ were also concomitant with the elevated Ca/sup 2+/, suggesting transport of both crustal and anthropogenic aerosols to the upper troposphere. The mass concentration of water-soluble aerosol material was in the range 0.1-6 mu g m/sup -3/ STP and estimated crustal dust levels were 7-160 mu g m/sup -3/ STP.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Talbot, R W and Dibb, J E and Loomis, M B},
 journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
 number = {9}
}

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Union</m:note>","abstract":"Measurements of the atmospheric aerosol chemical composition during the Subsonic Aircraft: Contrail and Cloud Effects Special Study (SUCCESS) indicate substantial vertical transport of boundary layer aerosol to the free troposphere over the south-central United States during springtime. Mixing ratios of water-soluble aerosol Ca/sup 2+/ at 6-12 km altitude exhibited a median mixing ratio of 20 pptv, with 15% of the measurements >or=100 pptv and a maximum of 1235 pptv. In air parcels with enhanced Ca/sup 2+/, the ratios K/sup +//Ca/sup 2+/, Mg/sup 2+//Ca/sup 2+/ and Na/sup +//Ca/sup 2+/ in the bulk aerosol were distinctly characteristic of those in limestone and/or cement. Significantly enhanced mixing ratios of aerosol SO/sub 4//sup 2-/, NO/sub 3//sup -/ and NH/sub 4//sup +/ were also concomitant with the elevated Ca/sup 2+/, suggesting transport of both crustal and anthropogenic aerosols to the upper troposphere. 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