Effect of temperature, food availability, and estradiol injection on gametogenesis and gender in the pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera. Teaniniuraitemoana, V., Leprêtre, M., Levy, P., Vanaa, V., Parrad, S., Gaertner-Mazouni, N., Gueguen, Y., Huvet, A., & Le Moullac, G. Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A: Ecological Genetics and Physiology, 325(1):13--24, 2016.
Effect of temperature, food availability, and estradiol injection on gametogenesis and gender in the pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera [link]Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   
The black-lip pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera is a protandrous hermaphrodite species. Its economic value has led to the development of controlled hatchery reproduction techniques, although many aspects remain to be optimized. In order to understand reproductive mechanisms and their controlling factors, two independent experiments were designed to test hypotheses of gametogenesis and sex ratio control by environmental and hormonal factors. In one, pearl oysters were exposed under controlled conditions at different combinations of temperature (24 and 28°C) and food level (10,000 and 40,000 cells mL−1); whereas in the other, pearl oysters were conditioned under natural conditions into the lagoon and subjected to successive 17β-estradiol injections (100 μg per injection). Gametogenesis and sex ratio were assessed by histology for each treatment. In parallel, mRNA expressions of nine marker genes of the sexual pathway (pmarg-foxl2, pmarg-c43476, pmarg-c45042, pmarg-c19309, pmarg-c54338, pmarg-vit6, pmarg-zglp1, pmarg-dmrt, and pmarg-fem1-like) were investigated. Maximum maturation was observed in the treatment combining the highest temperature (28°C) and the highest microalgae concentration (40,000 cells mL−1), where the female sex tended to be maintained. Injection of 17β-estradiol induced a significant increase of undetermined stage proportion 2 weeks after the final injection. These results suggest that gametogenesis and gender in adult pearl oysters can be controlled by environmental factors and estrogens. While there were no significant effects on relative gene expression, the 3-gene-pair expression ratio model of the sexual pathway of P. margaritifera, suggest a probable dominance of genetic sex determinism without excluding a mixed sex determination mode (genetic + environmental). J. Exp. Zool. 9999A:XX–XX, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
@article{teaniniuraitemoana_effect_2016,
	title = {Effect of temperature, food availability, and estradiol injection on gametogenesis and gender in the pearl oyster {Pinctada} margaritifera},
	volume = {325},
	copyright = {© 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.},
	issn = {1932-5231},
	url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jez.1992/abstract},
	doi = {10.1002/jez.1992},
	abstract = {The black-lip pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera is a protandrous hermaphrodite species. Its economic value has led to the development of controlled hatchery reproduction techniques, although many aspects remain to be optimized. In order to understand reproductive mechanisms and their controlling factors, two independent experiments were designed to test hypotheses of gametogenesis and sex ratio control by environmental and hormonal factors. In one, pearl oysters were exposed under controlled conditions at different combinations of temperature (24 and 28°C) and food level (10,000 and 40,000 cells mL−1); whereas in the other, pearl oysters were conditioned under natural conditions into the lagoon and subjected to successive 17β-estradiol injections (100 μg per injection). Gametogenesis and sex ratio were assessed by histology for each treatment. In parallel, mRNA expressions of nine marker genes of the sexual pathway (pmarg-foxl2, pmarg-c43476, pmarg-c45042, pmarg-c19309, pmarg-c54338, pmarg-vit6, pmarg-zglp1, pmarg-dmrt, and pmarg-fem1-like) were investigated. Maximum maturation was observed in the treatment combining the highest temperature (28°C) and the highest microalgae concentration (40,000 cells mL−1), where the female sex tended to be maintained. Injection of 17β-estradiol induced a significant increase of undetermined stage proportion 2 weeks after the final injection. These results suggest that gametogenesis and gender in adult pearl oysters can be controlled by environmental factors and estrogens. While there were no significant effects on relative gene expression, the 3-gene-pair expression ratio model of the sexual pathway of P. margaritifera, suggest a probable dominance of genetic sex determinism without excluding a mixed sex determination mode (genetic + environmental). J. Exp. Zool. 9999A:XX–XX, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.},
	language = {en},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2015-10-27TZ},
	journal = {Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A: Ecological Genetics and Physiology},
	author = {Teaniniuraitemoana, Vaihiti and Leprêtre, Maxime and Levy, Peva and Vanaa, Vincent and Parrad, Sophie and Gaertner-Mazouni, Nabila and Gueguen, Yannick and Huvet, Arnaud and Le Moullac, Gilles},
	year = {2016},
	keywords = {ACL, E1},
	pages = {13--24}
}

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