Long-Term Responses of Mountain Ecosystems to Environmental Changes: Resilience, Adjustment, and Vulnerability. Tinner, W. & Ammann, B. In Huber, U., Bugmann, H., & Reasoner, M., editors, Global Change and Mountain Regions, volume 23, of Advances in Global Change Research, pages 133–143. Springer Netherlands.
Long-Term Responses of Mountain Ecosystems to Environmental Changes: Resilience, Adjustment, and Vulnerability [link]Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   
The steep environmental gradients of mountain ecosystems over short distances reflect large gradients of several climatic parameters and hence provide excellent possibilities for ecological research on the effects of environmental change. To gain a better understanding of the dynamics of abiotic and biotic parameters of mountain ecosystems, long-term records are required since permanent plots in mountain regions cover in the best case about 50-70 years. In order to extend investigations of ecological dynamics beyond these temporal limitations of permanent plots, paleoecological approaches can be used if the sampling resolution can be adapted to ecological research questions, e.g. a sample every 10 years. Paleoecological studies in mountain ecosystems can provide new ecological insights through the combination of different spatial and temporal scales. If we thus improve our understanding of processes across both steep environmental gradients and different time scales, we may be able to better estimate ecosystem responses to current and future environmental change (Ammann et al. 1993; Lotter et al. 1997).
@incollection{tinnerLongtermResponsesMountain2005,
  title = {Long-Term {{Responses}} of {{Mountain Ecosystems}} to {{Environmental Changes}}: {{Resilience}}, {{Adjustment}}, and {{Vulnerability}}},
  booktitle = {Global {{Change}} and {{Mountain Regions}}},
  author = {Tinner, Willy and Ammann, Brigitta},
  editor = {Huber, UliM and Bugmann, HaraldK and Reasoner, MelA},
  date = {2005},
  volume = {23},
  pages = {133--143},
  publisher = {{Springer Netherlands}},
  doi = {10.1007/1-4020-3508-x\\_14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3508-x_14},
  abstract = {The steep environmental gradients of mountain ecosystems over short distances reflect large gradients of several climatic parameters and hence provide excellent possibilities for ecological research on the effects of environmental change. To gain a better understanding of the dynamics of abiotic and biotic parameters of mountain ecosystems, long-term records are required since permanent plots in mountain regions cover in the best case about 50-70 years. In order to extend investigations of ecological dynamics beyond these temporal limitations of permanent plots, paleoecological approaches can be used if the sampling resolution can be adapted to ecological research questions, e.g. a sample every 10 years. Paleoecological studies in mountain ecosystems can provide new ecological insights through the combination of different spatial and temporal scales. If we thus improve our understanding of processes across both steep environmental gradients and different time scales, we may be able to better estimate ecosystem responses to current and future environmental change (Ammann et al. 1993; Lotter et al. 1997).},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13590966,~to-add-doi-URL,climate-change,forest-resources,mountainous-areas,vulnerability},
  series = {Advances in {{Global Change Research}}}
}

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