The dynamics of GII.4 Norovirus in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Tra My, P. V., Lam, H. M., Thompson, C. N., Phuc, H. L., Tuyet, P. T. N., Vinh, H., Hoang, N. V. M., Minh, P., Vinh, N. T., Thuy, C. T., Nga, T. T. T., Hau, N. T. T., Chinh, N. T., Thuong, T. C., Tuan, H. M., Campbell, J. I., Clements, A. C. A., Farrar, J., Boni, M. F., & Baker, S. Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases, 18:335–343, August, 2013.
doi  abstract   bibtex   
Norovirus (NoV) is a major cause of epidemic gastroenteritis in industrialized countries, yet the epidemiological significance of NoV in industrializing countries remains poorly understood. The spatiotemporal distribution of NoV genotypes identified in 2054 enrolled children was investigated between May 2009 and December 2010, in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), Vietnam. A total of 315 NoV extracted from stool samples were genotyped and GPS mapped to their source. Genogroup II NoV, particularly GII.4, were predominant, and the GII.4 strains could be subgrouped into GII.4-2006b (Minerva) and GII.4-2010 (New Orleans) variants. There was no spatiotemporal structure among the endemic GII strains; yet a significant spatiotemporal signal corresponding with the novel introduction of GII.4-2010 variant was detected. These data show that NoV GII.4 variants are highly endemic in HCMC and describe a scenario of rapid NoV strain replacement occurring in HCMC in early 2010.
@article{tra_my_dynamics_2013,
	title = {The dynamics of {GII}.4 {Norovirus} in {Ho} {Chi} {Minh} {City}, {Vietnam}.},
	volume = {18},
	copyright = {Copyright (c) 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {1567-7257 1567-1348},
	doi = {10.1016/j.meegid.2013.04.014},
	abstract = {Norovirus (NoV) is a major cause of epidemic gastroenteritis in industrialized countries, yet the epidemiological significance of NoV in industrializing countries remains poorly understood. The spatiotemporal distribution of NoV genotypes identified in 2054 enrolled children was investigated between May 2009  and December 2010, in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), Vietnam. A total of 315 NoV extracted from stool samples were genotyped and GPS mapped to their source. Genogroup II NoV, particularly GII.4, were predominant, and the GII.4 strains could be subgrouped into GII.4-2006b (Minerva) and GII.4-2010 (New Orleans) variants. There was no spatiotemporal structure among the endemic GII strains; yet a significant spatiotemporal signal corresponding with the novel introduction of GII.4-2010 variant was detected. These data show that NoV GII.4 variants are highly endemic in HCMC and describe a scenario of rapid NoV strain replacement occurring in HCMC in early 2010.},
	language = {eng},
	journal = {Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases},
	author = {Tra My, Phan Vu and Lam, Ha Minh and Thompson, Corinne N. and Phuc, Hoang Le and Tuyet, Pham Thi Ngoc and Vinh, Ha and Hoang, Nguyen Van Minh and Minh, Phamvan and Vinh, Nguyen Thanh and Thuy, Cao Thu and Nga, Tran Thi Thu and Hau, Nguyen Thi Thu and Chinh, Nguyen Tran and Thuong, Tang Chi and Tuan, Ha Manh and Campbell, James I. and Clements, Archie C. A. and Farrar, Jeremy and Boni, Maciej F. and Baker, Stephen},
	month = aug,
	year = {2013},
	pmid = {23612321},
	pmcid = {PMC4047827},
	keywords = {Caliciviridae Infections/*virology, Child, Preschool, Cluster, Cluster Analysis, Feces/virology, GII.4, Gastroenteritis/*virology, Genotype, Geographic Information Systems, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Norovirus/*classification/genetics/isolation \& purification, Phylogenetic, Phylogeography, Spatial, Spatio-Temporal Analysis, Temporal, Vietnam, norovirus},
	pages = {335--343},
}

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