Load bearing capacity of thin shell structures made of elastoplastic material by direct methods. Trần, N., T., Kreißig, R., & Staat, M. Technische Mechanik, 28(3-4):299-309, Universität Magdeburg, 2008.
Load bearing capacity of thin shell structures made of elastoplastic material by direct methods [pdf]Website  abstract   bibtex   
A method is introduced to determine the limit load of thin shells using the finite element method. The method is based on an upper bound limit and shake down analysis with the elastic-perfectly plastic material model. A nonlinear constrained optimization problem is solved by using Newton’s method in conjunction with a penalty method and the Lagrange dual method. The numerical investigation of a pipe bend subjected to bending moments proves the effectiveness of the algorithm.

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