Abnormal action-potential bursts and synchronized, GABA-mediated inhibitory potentials in an in vitro model of focal epilepsy. Troyer, M D, Blanton, M G, & Kriegstein, A R Epilepsia, 33(2):199–212, United States, March, 1992.
abstract   bibtex   
Focal, freeze-induced lesions were made in isolated hemispheres of turtle cerebral cortex in vitro, permitting the investigation of epileptiform discharges in a preparation with preserved intracortical circuitry. Freeze lesions resulted in interictal discharges and occasional ictal-like events. The interictal discharges were dependent upon activation of non-NMDA excitatory amino acid receptors and were affected by but did not require NMDA receptor activation. Voltage clamp and current clamp recordings revealed abnormal bursts of low-amplitude action potentials in 36% of recorded neurons, while large, repetitive inhibitory potentials, mediated by GABAA receptors, were recorded in 90% of the neurons. Thus, prominent findings in this model include abnormalities of both excitatory and inhibitory activity. Since these changes in neuronal excitability resulted from a localized physical injury, they may resemble the changes that occur in acute posttraumatic epilepsy.
@ARTICLE{Troyer1992-ro,
  title    = "Abnormal action-potential bursts and synchronized,
              {GABA-mediated} inhibitory potentials in an in vitro model of
              focal epilepsy",
  author   = "Troyer, M D and Blanton, M G and Kriegstein, A R",
  abstract = "Focal, freeze-induced lesions were made in isolated hemispheres
              of turtle cerebral cortex in vitro, permitting the investigation
              of epileptiform discharges in a preparation with preserved
              intracortical circuitry. Freeze lesions resulted in interictal
              discharges and occasional ictal-like events. The interictal
              discharges were dependent upon activation of non-NMDA excitatory
              amino acid receptors and were affected by but did not require
              NMDA receptor activation. Voltage clamp and current clamp
              recordings revealed abnormal bursts of low-amplitude action
              potentials in 36\% of recorded neurons, while large, repetitive
              inhibitory potentials, mediated by GABAA receptors, were recorded
              in 90\% of the neurons. Thus, prominent findings in this model
              include abnormalities of both excitatory and inhibitory activity.
              Since these changes in neuronal excitability resulted from a
              localized physical injury, they may resemble the changes that
              occur in acute posttraumatic epilepsy.",
  journal  = "Epilepsia",
  volume   =  33,
  number   =  2,
  pages    = "199--212",
  month    =  mar,
  year     =  1992,
  address  = "United States",
  language = "en"
}

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