The role of low-volatility organic compounds in initial particle growth in the atmosphere. Tröstl, J., Chuang, W., K., Gordon, H., Heinritzi, M., Yan, C., Molteni, U., Ahlm, L., Frege, C., Bianchi, F., Wagner, R., Simon, M., Lehtipalo, K., Williamson, C., Craven, J., S., Duplissy, J., Adamov, A., Almeida, J., Bernhammer, A., K., Breitenlechner, M., Brilke, S., Dias, A., A., Ehrhart, S., Flagan, R., C., Franchin, A., Fuchs, C., Guida, R., Gysel, M., Hansel, A., Hoyle, C., R., Jokinen, T., Junninen, H., Kangasluoma, J., Keskinen, H., Kim, J., Krapf, M., Kürten, A., Laaksonen, A., Lawler, M., Leiminger, M., Mathot, S., Möhler, O., Nieminen, T., Onnela, A., Petäjä, T., Piel, F., M., Miettinen, P., Rissanen, M., P., Rondo, L., Sarnela, N., Schobesberger, S., Sengupta, K., Sipilä, M., Smith, J., N., Steiner, G., Tomè, A., Virtanen, A., Wagner, A., C., Weingartner, E., Wimmer, D., Winkler, P., M., Ye, P., Carslaw, K., S., Curtius, J., Dommen, J., Kirkby, J., Kulmala, M., Riipinen, I., Worsnop, D., R., Donahue, N., M., Baltensperger, U., Troestl, J., Chuang, W., K., Gordon, H., Heinritzi, M., Yan, C., Molteni, U., Ahlm, L., Frege, C., Bianchi, F., Wagner, R., Simon, M., Lehtipalo, K., Williamson, C., Craven, J., S., Duplissy, J., Adamov, A., Almeida, J., Bernhammer, A., K., Breitenlechner, M., Brilke, S., Dias, A., A., Ehrhart, S., Flagan, R., C., Franchin, A., Fuchs, C., Guida, R., Gysel, M., Hansel, A., Hoyle, C., R., Jokinen, T., Junninen, H., Kangasluoma, J., Keskinen, H., Kim, J., Krapf, M., Kuerten, A., Laaksonen, A., Lawler, M., Leiminger, M., Mathot, S., Moehler, O., Nieminen, T., Onnela, A., Petaejae, T., Piel, F., M., Miettinen, P., Rissanen, M., P., Rondo, L., Sarnela, N., Schobesberger, S., Sengupta, K., Sipilae, M., Smith, J., N., Steiner, G., Tome, A., Virtanen, A., Wagner, A., C., Weingartner, E., Wimmer, D., Winkler, P., M., Ye, P., Carslaw, K., S., Curtius, J., Dommen, J., Kirkby, J., Kulmala, M., Riipinen, I., Worsnop, D., R., Donahue, N., M., & Baltensperger, U. Nature, 533(7604):527-531, 2016.
The role of low-volatility organic compounds in initial particle growth in the atmosphere [link]Website  doi  abstract   bibtex   
About half of present-day cloud condensation nuclei originate from atmospheric nucleation, frequently appearing as a burst of new particles near midday1. Atmospheric observations show that the growth rate of new particles often accelerates when the diameter of the particles is between one and ten nanometres2,3. In this critical size range, new particles are most likely to be lost by coagulation with pre-existing particles4, thereby failing to form new cloud condensation nuclei that are typically 50 to 100 nanometres across. Sulfuric acid vapour is often involved in nucleation but is too scarce to explain most subsequent growth5,6, leaving organic vapours as the most plausible alternative, at least in the planetary boundary layer7-10. Although recent studies11-13 predict that low-volatility organic vapours contribute during initial growth, direct evidence has been lacking. The accelerating growth may result from increased photolytic production of condensable organic species in the afternoon2, and the presence of a possible Kelvin (curvature) effect, which inhibits organic vapour condensation on the smallest particles (the nano-Köhler theory)2,14, has so far remained ambiguous. Here we present experiments performed in a large chamber under atmospheric conditions that investigate the role of organic vapours in the initial growth of nucleated organic particles in the absence of inorganic acids and bases such as sulfuric acid or ammonia and amines, respectively. Using data from the same set of experiments, it has been shown15 that organic vapours alone can drive nucleation. We focus on the growth of nucleated particles and find that the organic vapours that drive initial growth have extremely low volatilities (saturation concentration less than 10-4.5 micrograms per cubic metre). As the particles increase in size and the Kelvin barrier falls, subsequent growth is primarily due to more abundant organic vapours of slightly higher volatility (saturation concentrations of 10-4.5 to 10-0.5 micrograms per cubic metre). We present a particle growth model that quantitatively reproduces our measurements. Furthermore, we implement a parameterization of the first steps of growth in a global aerosol model and find that concentrations of atmospheric cloud concentration nuclei can change substantially in response, that is, by up to 50 per cent in comparison with previously assumed growth rate parameterizations.
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 title = {The role of low-volatility organic compounds in initial particle growth in the atmosphere},
 type = {article},
 year = {2016},
 pages = {527-531},
 volume = {533},
 websites = {http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/nature18271},
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 last_modified = {2023-01-31T22:46:10.098Z},
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 citation_key = {Trostl2016a},
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 abstract = {About half of present-day cloud condensation nuclei originate from atmospheric nucleation, frequently appearing as a burst of new particles near midday1. Atmospheric observations show that the growth rate of new particles often accelerates when the diameter of the particles is between one and ten nanometres2,3. In this critical size range, new particles are most likely to be lost by coagulation with pre-existing particles4, thereby failing to form new cloud condensation nuclei that are typically 50 to 100 nanometres across. Sulfuric acid vapour is often involved in nucleation but is too scarce to explain most subsequent growth5,6, leaving organic vapours as the most plausible alternative, at least in the planetary boundary layer7-10. Although recent studies11-13 predict that low-volatility organic vapours contribute during initial growth, direct evidence has been lacking. The accelerating growth may result from increased photolytic production of condensable organic species in the afternoon2, and the presence of a possible Kelvin (curvature) effect, which inhibits organic vapour condensation on the smallest particles (the nano-Köhler theory)2,14, has so far remained ambiguous. Here we present experiments performed in a large chamber under atmospheric conditions that investigate the role of organic vapours in the initial growth of nucleated organic particles in the absence of inorganic acids and bases such as sulfuric acid or ammonia and amines, respectively. Using data from the same set of experiments, it has been shown15 that organic vapours alone can drive nucleation. We focus on the growth of nucleated particles and find that the organic vapours that drive initial growth have extremely low volatilities (saturation concentration less than 10-4.5 micrograms per cubic metre). As the particles increase in size and the Kelvin barrier falls, subsequent growth is primarily due to more abundant organic vapours of slightly higher volatility (saturation concentrations of 10-4.5 to 10-0.5 micrograms per cubic metre). We present a particle growth model that quantitatively reproduces our measurements. Furthermore, we implement a parameterization of the first steps of growth in a global aerosol model and find that concentrations of atmospheric cloud concentration nuclei can change substantially in response, that is, by up to 50 per cent in comparison with previously assumed growth rate parameterizations.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Tröstl, Jasmin and Chuang, Wayne K. and Gordon, Hamish and Heinritzi, Martin and Yan, Chao and Molteni, Ugo and Ahlm, Lars and Frege, Carla and Bianchi, Federico and Wagner, Robert and Simon, Mario and Lehtipalo, Katrianne and Williamson, Christina and Craven, Jill S. and Duplissy, Jonathan and Adamov, Alexey and Almeida, Joao and Bernhammer, Anne-Kathrin Kathrin and Breitenlechner, Martin and Brilke, Sophia and Dias, Antònio Antonio and Ehrhart, Sebastian and Flagan, Richard C. and Franchin, Alessandro and Fuchs, Claudia and Guida, Roberto and Gysel, Martin and Hansel, Armin and Hoyle, Christopher R. and Jokinen, Tuija and Junninen, Heikki and Kangasluoma, Juha and Keskinen, Helmi and Kim, Jaeseok and Krapf, Manuel and Kürten, Andreas and Laaksonen, Ari and Lawler, Michael and Leiminger, Markus and Mathot, Serge and Möhler, Ottmar and Nieminen, Tuomo and Onnela, Antti and Petäjä, Tuukka and Piel, Felix M. and Miettinen, Pasi and Rissanen, Matti P. and Rondo, Linda and Sarnela, Nina and Schobesberger, Siegfried and Sengupta, Kamalika and Sipilä, Mikko and Smith, James N. and Steiner, Gerhard and Tomè, Antònio and Virtanen, Annele and Wagner, Andrea C. and Weingartner, Ernest and Wimmer, Daniela and Winkler, Paul M. and Ye, Penglin and Carslaw, Kenneth S. and Curtius, Joachim and Dommen, Josef and Kirkby, Jasper and Kulmala, Markku and Riipinen, Ilona and Worsnop, Douglas R. and Donahue, Neil M. and Baltensperger, Urs and Troestl, Jasmin and Chuang, Wayne K. and Gordon, Hamish and Heinritzi, Martin and Yan, Chao and Molteni, Ugo and Ahlm, Lars and Frege, Carla and Bianchi, Federico and Wagner, Robert and Simon, Mario and Lehtipalo, Katrianne and Williamson, Christina and Craven, Jill S. and Duplissy, Jonathan and Adamov, Alexey and Almeida, Joao and Bernhammer, Anne-Kathrin Kathrin and Breitenlechner, Martin and Brilke, Sophia and Dias, Antònio Antonio and Ehrhart, Sebastian and Flagan, Richard C. and Franchin, Alessandro and Fuchs, Claudia and Guida, Roberto and Gysel, Martin and Hansel, Armin and Hoyle, Christopher R. and Jokinen, Tuija and Junninen, Heikki and Kangasluoma, Juha and Keskinen, Helmi and Kim, Jaeseok and Krapf, Manuel and Kuerten, Andreas and Laaksonen, Ari and Lawler, Michael and Leiminger, Markus and Mathot, Serge and Moehler, Ottmar and Nieminen, Tuomo and Onnela, Antti and Petaejae, Tuukka and Piel, Felix M. and Miettinen, Pasi and Rissanen, Matti P. and Rondo, Linda and Sarnela, Nina and Schobesberger, Siegfried and Sengupta, Kamalika and Sipilae, Mikko and Smith, James N. and Steiner, Gerhard and Tome, Antonio and Virtanen, Annele and Wagner, Andrea C. and Weingartner, Ernest and Wimmer, Daniela and Winkler, Paul M. and Ye, Penglin and Carslaw, Kenneth S. and Curtius, Joachim and Dommen, Josef and Kirkby, Jasper and Kulmala, Markku and Riipinen, Ilona and Worsnop, Douglas R. and Donahue, Neil M. and Baltensperger, Urs},
 doi = {10.1038/nature18271},
 journal = {Nature},
 number = {7604}
}
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