Y chromosome sequence variation and the history of human populations. Underhill, P., A., Shen, P., Lin, A., A., Jin, L., Passarino, G., Yang, W., H., Kauffman, E., Bonne-Tamir, B., Bertranpetit, J., Francalacci, P., Ibrahim, M., Jenkins, T., Kidd, J., R., Mehdi, S., Q., Seielstad, M., T., Wells, R., S., Piazza, A., Davis, R., W., Feldman, M., W., Cavalli-Sforza, L., L., & Oefner, P., J. Nat Genet, 26(3):358-61., 2000.
Y chromosome sequence variation and the history of human populations [pdf]Paper  Y chromosome sequence variation and the history of human populations [link]Website  abstract   bibtex   
Binary polymorphisms associated with the non-recombining region of the human Y chromosome (NRY) preserve the paternal genetic legacy of our species that has persisted to the present, permitting inference of human evolution, population affinity and demographic history. We used denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC; ref. 2) to identify 160 of the 166 bi-allelic and 1 tri-allelic site that formed a parsimonious genealogy of 116 haplotypes, several of which display distinct population affinities based on the analysis of 1062 globally representative individuals. A minority of contemporary East Africans and Khoisan represent the descendants of the most ancestral patrilineages of anatomically modern humans that left Africa between 35,000 and 89,000 years ago.

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