@article{RN184,
   author = {van Bussel, F. C. and Backes, W. H. and Hofman, P. A. and Puts, N. A. and Edden, R. A. and van Boxtel, M. P. and Schram, M. T. and Stehouwer, C. D. and Wildberger, J. E. and Jansen, J. F.},
   title = {Increased GABA concentrations in type 2 diabetes mellitus are related to lower cognitive functioning},
   journal = {Medicine (Baltimore)},
   volume = {95},
   number = {36},
   pages = {e4803},
   note = {van Bussel, Frank C G
Backes, Walter H
Hofman, Paul A M
Puts, Nicolaas A J
Edden, Richard A E
van Boxtel, Martin P J
Schram, Miranda T
Stehouwer, Coen D A
Wildberger, Joachim E
Jansen, Jacobus F A
eng
P41 EB015909/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/
R01 EB016089/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/
2016/09/08 06:00
Medicine (Baltimore). 2016 Sep;95(36):e4803. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000004803.},
   abstract = {Type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with accelerated cognitive decline. The underlying pathophysiological mechanisms still remain to be elucidated although it is known that insulin signaling modulates neurotransmitter activity, including inhibitory gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and excitatory glutamate (Glu) receptors. Therefore, we examined whether levels of GABA and Glu are related to diabetes status and cognitive performance.Forty-one participants with type 2 diabetes and 39 participants without type 2 diabetes underwent detailed cognitive assessments and 3-Tesla proton MR spectroscopy. The associations of neurotransmitters with type 2 diabetes and cognitive performance were examined using multivariate regression analyses controlling for age, sex, education, BMI, and percentage gray/white matter ratio in spectroscopic voxel.Analysis revealed higher GABA+ levels in participants with type 2 diabetes, in participants with higher fasting blood glucose levels and in participants with higher HbA1c levels, and higher GABA+ levels in participants with both high HbA1c levels and less cognitive performance.To conclude, participants with type 2 diabetes have alterations in the GABAergic neurotransmitter system, which are related to lower cognitive functioning, and hint at the involvement of an underlying metabolic mechanism.},
   keywords = {Aged
Blood Glucose/metabolism
Case-Control Studies
*Cognition
Cognitive Dysfunction/etiology/*metabolism
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*physiopathology/*psychology
Female
Glutamic Acid/metabolism
Glycated Hemoglobin A/metabolism
Gray Matter/diagnostic imaging/metabolism
Humans
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Male
Middle Aged
Neuropsychological Tests
White Matter/diagnostic imaging/metabolism
gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/*metabolism},
   ISSN = {1536-5964 (Electronic)
0025-7974 (Linking)},
   DOI = {10.1097/MD.0000000000004803},
   url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27603392
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5023915/pdf/medi-95-e4803.pdf},
   year = {2016},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

{"_id":"svbYPtDgjn4dzoJwM","bibbaseid":"vanbussel-backes-hofman-puts-edden-vanboxtel-schram-stehouwer-etal-increasedgabaconcentrationsintype2diabetesmellitusarerelatedtolowercognitivefunctioning-2016","downloads":0,"creationDate":"2017-09-02T16:45:18.638Z","title":"Increased GABA concentrations in type 2 diabetes mellitus are related to lower cognitive functioning","author_short":["van Bussel, F. C.","Backes, W. H.","Hofman, P. A.","Puts, N. A.","Edden, R. A.","van Boxtel, M. P.","Schram, M. T.","Stehouwer, C. D.","Wildberger, J. E.","Jansen, J. F."],"year":2016,"bibtype":"article","biburl":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jansenjfa1/bibbase.github.io/master/jansenjfa.bib","bibdata":{"bibtype":"article","type":"Journal Article","author":[{"propositions":["van"],"lastnames":["Bussel"],"firstnames":["F.","C."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Backes"],"firstnames":["W.","H."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Hofman"],"firstnames":["P.","A."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Puts"],"firstnames":["N.","A."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Edden"],"firstnames":["R.","A."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":["van"],"lastnames":["Boxtel"],"firstnames":["M.","P."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Schram"],"firstnames":["M.","T."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Stehouwer"],"firstnames":["C.","D."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Wildberger"],"firstnames":["J.","E."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Jansen"],"firstnames":["J.","F."],"suffixes":[]}],"title":"Increased GABA concentrations in type 2 diabetes mellitus are related to lower cognitive functioning","journal":"Medicine (Baltimore)","volume":"95","number":"36","pages":"e4803","note":"van Bussel, Frank C G Backes, Walter H Hofman, Paul A M Puts, Nicolaas A J Edden, Richard A E van Boxtel, Martin P J Schram, Miranda T Stehouwer, Coen D A Wildberger, Joachim E Jansen, Jacobus F A eng P41 EB015909/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ R01 EB016089/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ 2016/09/08 06:00 Medicine (Baltimore). 2016 Sep;95(36):e4803. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000004803.","abstract":"Type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with accelerated cognitive decline. The underlying pathophysiological mechanisms still remain to be elucidated although it is known that insulin signaling modulates neurotransmitter activity, including inhibitory gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and excitatory glutamate (Glu) receptors. Therefore, we examined whether levels of GABA and Glu are related to diabetes status and cognitive performance.Forty-one participants with type 2 diabetes and 39 participants without type 2 diabetes underwent detailed cognitive assessments and 3-Tesla proton MR spectroscopy. The associations of neurotransmitters with type 2 diabetes and cognitive performance were examined using multivariate regression analyses controlling for age, sex, education, BMI, and percentage gray/white matter ratio in spectroscopic voxel.Analysis revealed higher GABA+ levels in participants with type 2 diabetes, in participants with higher fasting blood glucose levels and in participants with higher HbA1c levels, and higher GABA+ levels in participants with both high HbA1c levels and less cognitive performance.To conclude, participants with type 2 diabetes have alterations in the GABAergic neurotransmitter system, which are related to lower cognitive functioning, and hint at the involvement of an underlying metabolic mechanism.","keywords":"Aged Blood Glucose/metabolism Case-Control Studies *Cognition Cognitive Dysfunction/etiology/*metabolism Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*physiopathology/*psychology Female Glutamic Acid/metabolism Glycated Hemoglobin A/metabolism Gray Matter/diagnostic imaging/metabolism Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Male Middle Aged Neuropsychological Tests White Matter/diagnostic imaging/metabolism gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/*metabolism","issn":"1536-5964 (Electronic) 0025-7974 (Linking)","doi":"10.1097/MD.0000000000004803","url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27603392 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5023915/pdf/medi-95-e4803.pdf","year":"2016","bibtex":"@article{RN184,\n author = {van Bussel, F. C. and Backes, W. H. and Hofman, P. A. and Puts, N. A. and Edden, R. A. and van Boxtel, M. P. and Schram, M. T. and Stehouwer, C. D. and Wildberger, J. E. and Jansen, J. F.},\n title = {Increased GABA concentrations in type 2 diabetes mellitus are related to lower cognitive functioning},\n journal = {Medicine (Baltimore)},\n volume = {95},\n number = {36},\n pages = {e4803},\n note = {van Bussel, Frank C G\nBackes, Walter H\nHofman, Paul A M\nPuts, Nicolaas A J\nEdden, Richard A E\nvan Boxtel, Martin P J\nSchram, Miranda T\nStehouwer, Coen D A\nWildberger, Joachim E\nJansen, Jacobus F A\neng\nP41 EB015909/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/\nR01 EB016089/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/\n2016/09/08 06:00\nMedicine (Baltimore). 2016 Sep;95(36):e4803. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000004803.},\n abstract = {Type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with accelerated cognitive decline. The underlying pathophysiological mechanisms still remain to be elucidated although it is known that insulin signaling modulates neurotransmitter activity, including inhibitory gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and excitatory glutamate (Glu) receptors. Therefore, we examined whether levels of GABA and Glu are related to diabetes status and cognitive performance.Forty-one participants with type 2 diabetes and 39 participants without type 2 diabetes underwent detailed cognitive assessments and 3-Tesla proton MR spectroscopy. The associations of neurotransmitters with type 2 diabetes and cognitive performance were examined using multivariate regression analyses controlling for age, sex, education, BMI, and percentage gray/white matter ratio in spectroscopic voxel.Analysis revealed higher GABA+ levels in participants with type 2 diabetes, in participants with higher fasting blood glucose levels and in participants with higher HbA1c levels, and higher GABA+ levels in participants with both high HbA1c levels and less cognitive performance.To conclude, participants with type 2 diabetes have alterations in the GABAergic neurotransmitter system, which are related to lower cognitive functioning, and hint at the involvement of an underlying metabolic mechanism.},\n keywords = {Aged\nBlood Glucose/metabolism\nCase-Control Studies\n*Cognition\nCognitive Dysfunction/etiology/*metabolism\nDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*physiopathology/*psychology\nFemale\nGlutamic Acid/metabolism\nGlycated Hemoglobin A/metabolism\nGray Matter/diagnostic imaging/metabolism\nHumans\nMagnetic Resonance Imaging\nMagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy\nMale\nMiddle Aged\nNeuropsychological Tests\nWhite Matter/diagnostic imaging/metabolism\ngamma-Aminobutyric Acid/*metabolism},\n ISSN = {1536-5964 (Electronic)\n0025-7974 (Linking)},\n DOI = {10.1097/MD.0000000000004803},\n url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27603392\nhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5023915/pdf/medi-95-e4803.pdf},\n year = {2016},\n type = {Journal Article}\n}\n\n","author_short":["van Bussel, F. 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