The Rise and Development of Animal Models of Mental Disorders: From Modeling Whole Syndromes to Modeling Endophenotypes [ongoing]. Van den Berg, H. 2023. abstract bibtex This paper provides a historical and philosophical analysis of the rise and development of animal models of mental disorders during the second half of the twentieth century and the first decade of the twenty-first century. I analyze a shift in the way animal models of mental disorders are conceptualized: the shift from the early view that animal models model entire or whole syndromes classified in manuals such as the DSM to the later view that animal models model component parts of psychiatric syndromes. I argue that animal models of mental disorders gained in popularity during a period when ethology interacted with psychiatry. Within this period, animal models of mental disorders were sometimes taken to model entire or whole psychiatric syndromes and were validated by looking at how well the animal models matched the entire syndrome. I show that researchers in psychiatry came to reject this view because of the following problems: (a) it leads to problems with validating animal models. More specifically, the procedure of matching animal models to entire psychiatric syndromes validates animal models on the basis of non-valid disease categories that are in flux, i.e., it validates animal models without having access to a gold standard, and (b) the procedure gives rise to several skeptical objections against animal models of mental disorders. I subsequently show that in the first decade of the twenty-first century, researchers in psychiatry came to believe that animal models of mental disorders should model component parts of mental disorders, adopting a so-called endophenotype approach. This approach rejects validating animal models on the basis of entire psychiatric syndromes listed in manuals such as the DSM, is taken to allow us to better validate animal models, and is taken to solve some of the skeptical problems that have been leveled against animal models of mental disorders.
@article{van_den_berg_rise_2023,
title = {The {Rise} and {Development} of {Animal} {Models} of {Mental} {Disorders}: {From} {Modeling} {Whole} {Syndromes} to {Modeling} {Endophenotypes} [ongoing]},
abstract = {This paper provides a historical and philosophical analysis of the rise and development of animal models of mental disorders during the second half of the twentieth century and the first decade of the twenty-first century. I analyze a shift in the way animal models of mental disorders are conceptualized: the shift from the early view that animal models model entire or whole syndromes classified in manuals such as the DSM to the later view that animal models model component parts of psychiatric syndromes. I argue that animal models of mental disorders gained in popularity during a period when ethology interacted with psychiatry. Within this period, animal models of mental disorders were sometimes taken to model entire or whole psychiatric syndromes and were validated by looking at how well the animal models matched the entire syndrome. I show that researchers in psychiatry came to reject this view because of the following problems: (a) it leads to problems with validating animal models. More specifically, the procedure of matching animal models to entire psychiatric syndromes validates animal models on the basis of non-valid disease categories that are in flux, i.e., it validates animal models without having access to a gold standard, and (b) the procedure gives rise to several skeptical objections against animal models of mental disorders. I subsequently show that in the first decade of the twenty-first century, researchers in psychiatry came to believe that animal models of mental disorders should model component parts of mental disorders, adopting a so-called endophenotype approach. This approach rejects validating animal models on the basis of entire psychiatric syndromes listed in manuals such as the DSM, is taken to allow us to better validate animal models, and is taken to solve some of the skeptical problems that have been leveled against animal models of mental disorders.},
author = {Van den Berg, Hein},
year = {2023},
}
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I argue that animal models of mental disorders gained in popularity during a period when ethology interacted with psychiatry. Within this period, animal models of mental disorders were sometimes taken to model entire or whole psychiatric syndromes and were validated by looking at how well the animal models matched the entire syndrome. I show that researchers in psychiatry came to reject this view because of the following problems: (a) it leads to problems with validating animal models. More specifically, the procedure of matching animal models to entire psychiatric syndromes validates animal models on the basis of non-valid disease categories that are in flux, i.e., it validates animal models without having access to a gold standard, and (b) the procedure gives rise to several skeptical objections against animal models of mental disorders. I subsequently show that in the first decade of the twenty-first century, researchers in psychiatry came to believe that animal models of mental disorders should model component parts of mental disorders, adopting a so-called endophenotype approach. This approach rejects validating animal models on the basis of entire psychiatric syndromes listed in manuals such as the DSM, is taken to allow us to better validate animal models, and is taken to solve some of the skeptical problems that have been leveled against animal models of mental disorders.","author":[{"propositions":["Van","den"],"lastnames":["Berg"],"firstnames":["Hein"],"suffixes":[]}],"year":"2023","bibtex":"@article{van_den_berg_rise_2023,\n\ttitle = {The {Rise} and {Development} of {Animal} {Models} of {Mental} {Disorders}: {From} {Modeling} {Whole} {Syndromes} to {Modeling} {Endophenotypes} [ongoing]},\n\tabstract = {This paper provides a historical and philosophical analysis of the rise and development of animal models of mental disorders during the second half of the twentieth century and the first decade of the twenty-first century. 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