An overview of the first 5 years of the ENIGMA obsessive–compulsive disorder working group: The power of worldwide collaboration. van den Heuvel, O., A., Boedhoe, P., S., Bertolin, S., Bruin, W., B., Francks, C., Ivanov, I., Jahanshad, N., Kong, X., Z., Kwon, J., S., O'Neill, J., Paus, T., Patel, Y., Piras, F., Schmaal, L., Soriano-Mas, C., Spalletta, G., van Wingen, G., A., Yun, J., Y., Vriend, C., Simpson, H., B., van Rooij, D., Hoexter, M., Q., Hoogman, M., Buitelaar, J., K., Arnold, P., Beucke, J., C., Benedetti, F., Bollettini, I., Bose, A., Brennan, B., P., De Nadai, A., S., Fitzgerald, K., Gruner, P., Grünblatt, E., Hirano, Y., Huyser, C., James, A., Koch, K., Kvale, G., Lazaro, L., Lochner, C., Marsh, R., Mataix-Cols, D., Morgado, P., Nakamae, T., Nakao, T., Narayanaswamy, J., C., Nurmi, E., Pittenger, C., Reddy, Y., C., Sato, J., R., Soreni, N., Stewart, S., E., Taylor, S., F., Tolin, D., Thomopoulos, S., I., Veltman, D., J., Venkatasubramanian, G., Walitza, S., Wang, Z., Thompson, P., M., & Stein, D., J. Human Brain Mapping, 2020.
abstract   bibtex   
Neuroimaging has played an important part in advancing our understanding of the neurobiology of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). At the same time, neuroimaging studies of OCD have had notable limitations, including reliance on relatively small samples. International collaborative efforts to increase statistical power by combining samples from across sites have been bolstered by the ENIGMA consortium; this provides specific technical expertise for conducting multi-site analyses, as well as access to a collaborative community of neuroimaging scientists. In this article, we outline the background to, development of, and initial findings from ENIGMA's OCD working group, which currently consists of 47 samples from 34 institutes in 15 countries on 5 continents, with a total sample of 2,323 OCD patients and 2,325 healthy controls. Initial work has focused on studies of cortical thickness and subcortical volumes, structural connectivity, and brain lateralization in children, adolescents and adults with OCD, also including the study on the commonalities and distinctions across different neurodevelopment disorders. Additional work is ongoing, employing machine learning techniques. Findings to date have contributed to the development of neurobiological models of OCD, have provided an important model of global scientific collaboration, and have had a number of clinical implications. Importantly, our work has shed new light on questions about whether structural and functional alterations found in OCD reflect neurodevelopmental changes, effects of the disease process, or medication impacts. We conclude with a summary of ongoing work by ENIGMA-OCD, and a consideration of future directions for neuroimaging research on OCD within and beyond ENIGMA.
@article{
 title = {An overview of the first 5 years of the ENIGMA obsessive–compulsive disorder working group: The power of worldwide collaboration},
 type = {article},
 year = {2020},
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 keywords = {ENIGMA,MRI,cortical thickness,mega-analysis,meta-analysis,obsessive–compulsive disorder,surface area,volume},
 pages = {1-14},
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 abstract = {Neuroimaging has played an important part in advancing our understanding of the neurobiology of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). At the same time, neuroimaging studies of OCD have had notable limitations, including reliance on relatively small samples. International collaborative efforts to increase statistical power by combining samples from across sites have been bolstered by the ENIGMA consortium; this provides specific technical expertise for conducting multi-site analyses, as well as access to a collaborative community of neuroimaging scientists. In this article, we outline the background to, development of, and initial findings from ENIGMA's OCD working group, which currently consists of 47 samples from 34 institutes in 15 countries on 5 continents, with a total sample of 2,323 OCD patients and 2,325 healthy controls. Initial work has focused on studies of cortical thickness and subcortical volumes, structural connectivity, and brain lateralization in children, adolescents and adults with OCD, also including the study on the commonalities and distinctions across different neurodevelopment disorders. Additional work is ongoing, employing machine learning techniques. Findings to date have contributed to the development of neurobiological models of OCD, have provided an important model of global scientific collaboration, and have had a number of clinical implications. Importantly, our work has shed new light on questions about whether structural and functional alterations found in OCD reflect neurodevelopmental changes, effects of the disease process, or medication impacts. We conclude with a summary of ongoing work by ENIGMA-OCD, and a consideration of future directions for neuroimaging research on OCD within and beyond ENIGMA.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {van den Heuvel, Odile A. and Boedhoe, Premika S.W. and Bertolin, Sara and Bruin, Willem B. and Francks, Clyde and Ivanov, Iliyan and Jahanshad, Neda and Kong, Xiang Zhen and Kwon, Jun S. and O'Neill, Joseph and Paus, Tomas and Patel, Yash and Piras, Fabrizio and Schmaal, Lianne and Soriano-Mas, Carles and Spalletta, Gianfranco and van Wingen, Guido A. and Yun, Je Yeon and Vriend, Chris and Simpson, H. Blair and van Rooij, Daan and Hoexter, Marcelo Q. and Hoogman, Martine and Buitelaar, Jan K. and Arnold, Paul and Beucke, Jan C. and Benedetti, Francesco and Bollettini, Irene and Bose, Anushree and Brennan, Brian P. and De Nadai, Alessander S. and Fitzgerald, Kate and Gruner, Patricia and Grünblatt, Edna and Hirano, Yoshiyuki and Huyser, Chaim and James, Anthony and Koch, Kathrin and Kvale, Gerd and Lazaro, Luisa and Lochner, Christine and Marsh, Rachel and Mataix-Cols, David and Morgado, Pedro and Nakamae, Takashi and Nakao, Tomohiro and Narayanaswamy, Janardhanan C. and Nurmi, Erika and Pittenger, Christopher and Reddy, Y. C.Janardhan and Sato, João R. and Soreni, Noam and Stewart, S. Evelyn and Taylor, Stephan F. and Tolin, David and Thomopoulos, Sophia I. and Veltman, Dick J. and Venkatasubramanian, Ganesan and Walitza, Susanne and Wang, Zhen and Thompson, Paul M. and Stein, Dan J.},
 journal = {Human Brain Mapping},
 number = {February}
}

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