Machine learning for identifying caregiving adversities associated with greatest risk for mental health problems in children. Vannucci, A., Fields, A., Heleniak, C., Bloom, P. A., Harmon, C., Nikolaidis, A., Douglas, I. J., Gibson, L., Camacho, N. L., Choy, T., Hadis, S. S., VanTieghem, M., Dozier, M., Milham, M. P., & Tottenham, N. Nature Mental Health, 3(1):71–82, Nature Publishing Group, January, 2025.
Machine learning for identifying caregiving adversities associated with greatest risk for mental health problems in children [link]Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   
Developmental and experiential heterogeneity associated with caregiving-related early adversities (crEAs) poses a major challenge to identifying replicable, generalizable findings. Here conditional random forests evaluated the importance of unique crEA experiences for estimating risks to mental health in 306 children, 6–12 years of age, with heterogeneous crEA experiences (different forms of caregiver-involved abuse and/or neglect or permanent/substantial parent–child separation). The better that crEAs improved the accuracy of symptom estimates in held-out, never-before-seen children, the more important and generalizable they were considered. Here we show that earlier timing and longer duration of crEAs was especially important for elevated general psychopathology (p-factor scores). The mere presence (versus absence) of crEAs was more valuable for estimating symptom risk than were specific adversities in a broad sample. Specific adversities became more important when only looking within the crEA-exposed subsample, with adversities of an interpersonal-affective nature being the most likely to increase transdiagnostic symptom risk. Concurrent consistent caregiving also had high importance, motivating consideration of later-occurring environmental experiences in future studies of early adversity.
@article{vannucci_machine_2025,
	title = {Machine learning for identifying caregiving adversities associated with greatest risk for mental health problems in children},
	volume = {3},
	copyright = {2025 The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature America, Inc.},
	issn = {2731-6076},
	url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s44220-024-00355-6},
	doi = {10.1038/s44220-024-00355-6},
	abstract = {Developmental and experiential heterogeneity associated with caregiving-related early adversities (crEAs) poses a major challenge to identifying replicable, generalizable findings. Here conditional random forests evaluated the importance of unique crEA experiences for estimating risks to mental health in 306 children, 6–12 years of age, with heterogeneous crEA experiences (different forms of caregiver-involved abuse and/or neglect or permanent/substantial parent–child separation). The better that crEAs improved the accuracy of symptom estimates in held-out, never-before-seen children, the more important and generalizable they were considered. Here we show that earlier timing and longer duration of crEAs was especially important for elevated general psychopathology (p-factor scores). The mere presence (versus absence) of crEAs was more valuable for estimating symptom risk than were specific adversities in a broad sample. Specific adversities became more important when only looking within the crEA-exposed subsample, with adversities of an interpersonal-affective nature being the most likely to increase transdiagnostic symptom risk. Concurrent consistent caregiving also had high importance, motivating consideration of later-occurring environmental experiences in future studies of early adversity.},
	language = {en},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2026-02-04},
	journal = {Nature Mental Health},
	publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
	author = {Vannucci, Anna and Fields, Andrea and Heleniak, Charlotte and Bloom, Paul A. and Harmon, Chelsea and Nikolaidis, Aki and Douglas, Ian J. and Gibson, Lisa and Camacho, Nicolas L. and Choy, Tricia and Hadis, Syntia S. and VanTieghem, Michelle and Dozier, Mary and Milham, Michael P. and Tottenham, Nim},
	month = jan,
	year = {2025},
	keywords = {Risk factors, Psychiatric disorders},
	pages = {71--82},
}
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