A Clinical and Epidemiological Investigation of the First Reported Human Infection With the Zoonotic Parasite Trypanosoma evansi in Southeast Asia. Van Vinh Chau, N., Buu Chau, L., Desquesnes, M., Herder, S., Phu Huong Lan, N., Campbell, J. I., Van Cuong, N., Yimming, B., Chalermwong, P., Jittapalapong, S., Ramon Franco, J., Tri Tue, N., Rabaa, M. A., Carrique-Mas, J., Pham Thi Thanh, T., Tran Vu Thieu, N., Berto, A., Thi Hoa, N., Van Minh Hoang, N., Canh Tu, N., Khac Chuyen, N., Wills, B., Tinh Hien, T., Thwaites, G. E., Yacoub, S., & Baker, S. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 62(8):1002–1008, April, 2016.
doi  abstract   bibtex   
BACKGROUND: Trypanosomais a genus of unicellular parasitic flagellate protozoa.Trypanosoma bruceispecies and Trypanosoma cruziare the major agents of human trypanosomiasis; other Trypanosomaspecies can cause human disease, but are rare. In March 2015, a 38-year-old woman presented to a healthcare facility in southern Vietnam with fever, headache, and arthralgia. Microscopic examination of blood revealed infection with Trypanosoma METHODS: Microscopic observation, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of blood samples, and serological testing were performed to identify the infecting species. The patient's blood was screened for the trypanocidal protein apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1), and a field investigation was performed to identify the zoonotic source. RESULTS: PCR amplification and serological testing identified the infecting species as Trypanosoma evansi.Despite relapsing 6 weeks after completing amphotericin B therapy, the patient made a complete recovery after 5 weeks of suramin. The patient was found to have 2 wild-type APOL1 alleles and a normal serum APOL1 concentration. After responsive animal sampling in the presumed location of exposure, cattle and/or buffalo were determined to be the most likely source of the infection, with 14 of 30 (47%) animal blood samples testing PCR positive forT. evansi. CONCLUSIONS: We report the first laboratory-confirmed case ofT. evansiin a previously healthy individual without APOL1 deficiency, potentially contracted via a wound while butchering raw beef, and successfully treated with suramin. A linked epidemiological investigation revealed widespread and previously unidentified burden ofT. evansiin local cattle, highlighting the need for surveillance of this infection in animals and the possibility of further human cases.
@article{van_vinh_chau_clinical_2016,
	title = {A {Clinical} and {Epidemiological} {Investigation} of the {First} {Reported} {Human} {Infection} {With} the {Zoonotic} {Parasite} {Trypanosoma} evansi in {Southeast} {Asia}.},
	volume = {62},
	copyright = {(c) The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America.},
	issn = {1537-6591 1058-4838},
	doi = {10.1093/cid/ciw052},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Trypanosomais a genus of unicellular parasitic flagellate protozoa.Trypanosoma bruceispecies and Trypanosoma cruziare the major agents of human trypanosomiasis; other Trypanosomaspecies can cause human disease, but are  rare. In March 2015, a 38-year-old woman presented to a healthcare facility in southern Vietnam with fever, headache, and arthralgia. Microscopic examination of blood revealed infection with Trypanosoma METHODS: Microscopic observation, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of blood samples, and serological testing were performed to identify the infecting species. The patient's blood was screened for the trypanocidal protein apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1), and a field investigation was performed to identify the zoonotic source. RESULTS: PCR amplification and serological testing identified the infecting species as Trypanosoma evansi.Despite relapsing 6 weeks after completing amphotericin B therapy, the patient made a complete recovery after 5 weeks of suramin. The patient was found to have 2 wild-type APOL1 alleles and a normal serum APOL1 concentration. After responsive animal sampling in the presumed location of exposure, cattle and/or buffalo were determined to be the most likely source of the infection, with 14 of 30 (47\%) animal blood samples testing PCR positive forT. evansi. CONCLUSIONS: We report the first laboratory-confirmed case ofT. evansiin a previously healthy individual without APOL1 deficiency, potentially contracted via a wound while butchering raw beef, and successfully treated with suramin. A linked epidemiological investigation revealed widespread and previously unidentified burden ofT. evansiin local cattle, highlighting the need  for surveillance of this infection in animals and the possibility of further human cases.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {8},
	journal = {Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America},
	author = {Van Vinh Chau, Nguyen and Buu Chau, Le and Desquesnes, Marc and Herder, Stephane and Phu Huong Lan, Nguyen and Campbell, James I. and Van Cuong, Nguyen and Yimming, Benjarat and Chalermwong, Piangjai and Jittapalapong, Sathaporn and Ramon Franco, Jose and Tri Tue, Ngo and Rabaa, Maia A. and Carrique-Mas, Juan and Pham Thi Thanh, Tam and Tran Vu Thieu, Nga and Berto, Alessandra and Thi Hoa, Ngo and Van Minh Hoang, Nguyen and Canh Tu, Nguyen and Khac Chuyen, Nguyen and Wills, Bridget and Tinh Hien, Tran and Thwaites, Guy E. and Yacoub, Sophie and Baker, Stephen},
	month = apr,
	year = {2016},
	pmid = {26908809},
	pmcid = {PMC4803109},
	keywords = {Adult, Animals, Apolipoproteins/blood/genetics, Asia, Southeastern/epidemiology, Blood/parasitology, Buffaloes/parasitology, Cattle, Communicable Diseases, Emerging/diagnosis/epidemiology/parasitology/transmission, DNA, Protozoan/analysis, Female, Humans, Lipoproteins, HDL/blood/genetics, Microscopy, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Trypanocidal Agents/therapeutic use, Trypanosoma evansi, Trypanosoma/classification/*isolation \& purification/ultrastructure, Trypanosomiasis/*diagnosis/drug therapy/*parasitology/transmission, Vietnam, Vietnam/epidemiology, Zoonoses/*diagnosis/epidemiology/transmission, case investigation, emerging infections, zoonosis},
	pages = {1002--1008},
}

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