Endogenous viral elements reveal associations between a non-retroviral RNA virus and symbiotic dinoflagellate genomes. Veglia, A. J., Bistolas, K. S. I., Voolstra, C. R., Hume, B. C. C., Ruscheweyh, H., Planes, S., Allemand, D., Boissin, E., Wincker, P., Poulain, J., Moulin, C., Bourdin, G., Iwankow, G., Romac, S., Agostini, S., Banaigs, B., Boss, E., Bowler, C., De Vargas, C., Douville, E., Flores, M., Forcioli, D., Furla, P., Galand, P. E., Gilson, E., Lombard, F., Pesant, S., Reynaud, S., Sunagawa, S., Thomas, O. P., Troublé, R., Zoccola, D., Correa, A. M. S., & Vega Thurber, R. L. Communications Biology, 6(1):566, June, 2023.
Endogenous viral elements reveal associations between a non-retroviral RNA virus and symbiotic dinoflagellate genomes [link]Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   
Abstract Endogenous viral elements (EVEs) offer insight into the evolutionary histories and hosts of contemporary viruses. This study leveraged DNA metagenomics and genomics to detect and infer the host of a non-retroviral dinoflagellate-infecting +ssRNA virus (dinoRNAV) common in coral reefs. As part of the Tara Pacific Expedition, this study surveyed 269 newly sequenced cnidarians and their resident symbiotic dinoflagellates (Symbiodiniaceae), associated metabarcodes, and publicly available metagenomes, revealing 178 dinoRNAV EVEs, predominantly among hydrocoral-dinoflagellate metagenomes. Putative associations between Symbiodiniaceae and dinoRNAV EVEs were corroborated by the characterization of dinoRNAV-like sequences in 17 of 18 scaffold-scale and one chromosome-scale dinoflagellate genome assembly, flanked by characteristically cellular sequences and in proximity to retroelements, suggesting potential mechanisms of integration. EVEs were not detected in dinoflagellate-free (aposymbiotic) cnidarian genome assemblies, including stony corals, hydrocorals, jellyfish, or seawater. The pervasive nature of dinoRNAV EVEs within dinoflagellate genomes (especially Symbiodinium ), as well as their inconsistent within-genome distribution and fragmented nature, suggest ancestral or recurrent integration of this virus with variable conservation. Broadly, these findings illustrate how +ssRNA viruses may obscure their genomes as members of nested symbioses, with implications for host evolution, exaptation, and immunity in the context of reef health and disease.
@article{veglia_endogenous_2023,
	title = {Endogenous viral elements reveal associations between a non-retroviral {RNA} virus and symbiotic dinoflagellate genomes},
	volume = {6},
	issn = {2399-3642},
	url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s42003-023-04917-9},
	doi = {10.1038/s42003-023-04917-9},
	abstract = {Abstract
            
              Endogenous viral elements (EVEs) offer insight into the evolutionary histories and hosts of contemporary viruses. This study leveraged DNA metagenomics and genomics to detect and infer the host of a non-retroviral dinoflagellate-infecting +ssRNA virus (dinoRNAV) common in coral reefs. As part of the Tara Pacific Expedition, this study surveyed 269 newly sequenced cnidarians and their resident symbiotic dinoflagellates (Symbiodiniaceae), associated metabarcodes, and publicly available metagenomes, revealing 178 dinoRNAV EVEs, predominantly among hydrocoral-dinoflagellate metagenomes. Putative associations between Symbiodiniaceae and dinoRNAV EVEs were corroborated by the characterization of dinoRNAV-like sequences in 17 of 18 scaffold-scale and one chromosome-scale dinoflagellate genome assembly, flanked by characteristically cellular sequences and in proximity to retroelements, suggesting potential mechanisms of integration. EVEs were not detected in dinoflagellate-free (aposymbiotic) cnidarian genome assemblies, including stony corals, hydrocorals, jellyfish, or seawater. The pervasive nature of dinoRNAV EVEs within dinoflagellate genomes (especially
              Symbiodinium
              ), as well as their inconsistent within-genome distribution and fragmented nature, suggest ancestral or recurrent integration of this virus with variable conservation. Broadly, these findings illustrate how +ssRNA viruses may obscure their genomes as members of nested symbioses, with implications for host evolution, exaptation, and immunity in the context of reef health and disease.},
	language = {en},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2023-06-12},
	journal = {Communications Biology},
	author = {Veglia, Alex J. and Bistolas, Kalia S. I. and Voolstra, Christian R. and Hume, Benjamin C. C. and Ruscheweyh, Hans-Joachim and Planes, Serge and Allemand, Denis and Boissin, Emilie and Wincker, Patrick and Poulain, Julie and Moulin, Clémentine and Bourdin, Guillaume and Iwankow, Guillaume and Romac, Sarah and Agostini, Sylvain and Banaigs, Bernard and Boss, Emmanuel and Bowler, Chris and De Vargas, Colomban and Douville, Eric and Flores, Michel and Forcioli, Didier and Furla, Paola and Galand, Pierre E. and Gilson, Eric and Lombard, Fabien and Pesant, Stéphane and Reynaud, Stéphanie and Sunagawa, Shinichi and Thomas, Olivier P. and Troublé, Romain and Zoccola, Didier and Correa, Adrienne M. S. and Vega Thurber, Rebecca L.},
	month = jun,
	year = {2023},
	pages = {566},
}
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