@article{RN279,
   author = {Verheggen, I. C. M. and Freeze, W. M. and de Jong, J. J. A. and Jansen, J. F. A. and Postma, A. A. and van Boxtel, M. P. J. and Verhey, F. R. J. and Backes, W. H.},
   title = {Application of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in the assessment of blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier integrity},
   journal = {Neurosci Biobehav Rev},
   volume = {127},
   pages = {171-183},
   note = {Verheggen, Inge C M
Freeze, Whitney M
de Jong, Joost J A
Jansen, Jacobus F A
Postma, Alida A
van Boxtel, Martin P J
Verhey, Frans R J
Backes, Walter H
eng
Review
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2021 Apr 27;127:171-183. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.04.025.},
   abstract = {VERHEGGEN, I.C.M., W. Freeze, J. de Jong, J. Jansen, A. Postma, M. van Boxtel, F. Verhey and W. Backes. The application of contrast-enhanced MRI in the assessment of blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier integrity. Choroid plexus epithelial cells form a barrier that enables active, bidirectional exchange between the blood plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), known as the blood-CSF barrier (BCSFB). Through its involvement in CSF composition, the BCSFB maintains homeostasis in the central nervous system. While the relation between blood-brain barrier disruption, aging and neurodegeneration is extensively studied using contrast-enhanced MRI, applying this technique to investigate BCSFB disruption in age-related neurodegeneration has received little attention. This review provides an overview of the current status of contrast-enhanced MRI to assess BCSFB permeability. Post-contrast ventricular gadolinium enhancement has been used to indicate BCSFB permeability. Moreover, new techniques highly sensitive to low gadolinium concentrations in the CSF, for instance heavily T2-weighted imaging with cerebrospinal fluid suppression, seem promising. Also, attempts are made at using other contrast agents, such as manganese ions or very small superparamagnetic iron oxide particles, that seem to be cleared from the brain at the choroid plexus. Advancing and applying new developments such as these could progress the assessment of BCSFB integrity.},
   keywords = {Aging
Blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier
Choroid plexus
Contrast-enhanced
Mri},
   ISSN = {1873-7528 (Electronic)
0149-7634 (Linking)},
   DOI = {10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.04.025},
   url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33930471},
   year = {2021},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

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H."],"bibdata":{"bibtype":"article","type":"Journal Article","author":[{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Verheggen"],"firstnames":["I.","C.","M."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Freeze"],"firstnames":["W.","M."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":["de"],"lastnames":["Jong"],"firstnames":["J.","J.","A."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Jansen"],"firstnames":["J.","F.","A."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Postma"],"firstnames":["A.","A."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":["van"],"lastnames":["Boxtel"],"firstnames":["M.","P.","J."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Verhey"],"firstnames":["F.","R.","J."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Backes"],"firstnames":["W.","H."],"suffixes":[]}],"title":"Application of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in the assessment of blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier integrity","journal":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev","volume":"127","pages":"171-183","note":"Verheggen, Inge C M Freeze, Whitney M de Jong, Joost J A Jansen, Jacobus F A Postma, Alida A van Boxtel, Martin P J Verhey, Frans R J Backes, Walter H eng Review Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2021 Apr 27;127:171-183. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.04.025.","abstract":"VERHEGGEN, I.C.M., W. Freeze, J. de Jong, J. Jansen, A. Postma, M. van Boxtel, F. Verhey and W. Backes. The application of contrast-enhanced MRI in the assessment of blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier integrity. Choroid plexus epithelial cells form a barrier that enables active, bidirectional exchange between the blood plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), known as the blood-CSF barrier (BCSFB). Through its involvement in CSF composition, the BCSFB maintains homeostasis in the central nervous system. While the relation between blood-brain barrier disruption, aging and neurodegeneration is extensively studied using contrast-enhanced MRI, applying this technique to investigate BCSFB disruption in age-related neurodegeneration has received little attention. This review provides an overview of the current status of contrast-enhanced MRI to assess BCSFB permeability. Post-contrast ventricular gadolinium enhancement has been used to indicate BCSFB permeability. Moreover, new techniques highly sensitive to low gadolinium concentrations in the CSF, for instance heavily T2-weighted imaging with cerebrospinal fluid suppression, seem promising. Also, attempts are made at using other contrast agents, such as manganese ions or very small superparamagnetic iron oxide particles, that seem to be cleared from the brain at the choroid plexus. Advancing and applying new developments such as these could progress the assessment of BCSFB integrity.","keywords":"Aging Blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier Choroid plexus Contrast-enhanced Mri","issn":"1873-7528 (Electronic) 0149-7634 (Linking)","doi":"10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.04.025","url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33930471","year":"2021","bibtex":"@article{RN279,\n author = {Verheggen, I. C. M. and Freeze, W. M. and de Jong, J. J. A. and Jansen, J. F. A. and Postma, A. A. and van Boxtel, M. P. J. and Verhey, F. R. J. and Backes, W. H.},\n title = {Application of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in the assessment of blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier integrity},\n journal = {Neurosci Biobehav Rev},\n volume = {127},\n pages = {171-183},\n note = {Verheggen, Inge C M\nFreeze, Whitney M\nde Jong, Joost J A\nJansen, Jacobus F A\nPostma, Alida A\nvan Boxtel, Martin P J\nVerhey, Frans R J\nBackes, Walter H\neng\nReview\nNeurosci Biobehav Rev. 2021 Apr 27;127:171-183. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.04.025.},\n abstract = {VERHEGGEN, I.C.M., W. Freeze, J. de Jong, J. Jansen, A. Postma, M. van Boxtel, F. Verhey and W. Backes. The application of contrast-enhanced MRI in the assessment of blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier integrity. Choroid plexus epithelial cells form a barrier that enables active, bidirectional exchange between the blood plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), known as the blood-CSF barrier (BCSFB). Through its involvement in CSF composition, the BCSFB maintains homeostasis in the central nervous system. While the relation between blood-brain barrier disruption, aging and neurodegeneration is extensively studied using contrast-enhanced MRI, applying this technique to investigate BCSFB disruption in age-related neurodegeneration has received little attention. This review provides an overview of the current status of contrast-enhanced MRI to assess BCSFB permeability. Post-contrast ventricular gadolinium enhancement has been used to indicate BCSFB permeability. Moreover, new techniques highly sensitive to low gadolinium concentrations in the CSF, for instance heavily T2-weighted imaging with cerebrospinal fluid suppression, seem promising. Also, attempts are made at using other contrast agents, such as manganese ions or very small superparamagnetic iron oxide particles, that seem to be cleared from the brain at the choroid plexus. 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