@incollection{Vinnikov:2013fk,
	abstract = {Purpose: Age-related macular degeneration AMD is a leading cause of blindness in ageing populations across the world. The symptoms associated with later stages of the disease are sizeable blind spots (scotomas) in the central visual field, which significantly impact all aspects of everyday life (including driving and navigation). In contrast, the early symptoms of the disease include gradual reduction in acuity and visual distortion in the affected areas, also known as metamorphopsia. There is limited research on the functional consequences of symptoms in the early stages of the disease.

Methods: We examined the effects of the following macular degeneration symptoms on gaze behavior and steering performance: (i) horizontal distortions, (ii) Gaussian (both horizontal and vertical) distortions and (iii) central scotomas (iv) unimpaired vision condition.  To ensure repeatability, we studied healthy participants and used a gaze-contingent display paradigm to simulate these visual deficiencies in real time.  Driving was simulated at different speeds on two-lane curving rural roads with various layouts. 

Results: We predicted that gaze and driving performance would be more similar for the visual distortion and scotoma conditions than for conditions with no simulated visual deficiency.  As expected, several deficits in driver performance were observed during simulated macular degeneration conditions.  While gaze was reliably directed to nearer scene features during the Gaussian distortion and scotoma trials (compared to unimpaired trials), variability in lateral gaze did not differ (suggesting that information from the peripheral visual field was used to compensate for information that would have normally been available from the central visual field). Based on past findings, we also expected people to direct their gaze more towards the inner side of the curve. However, on a significant number of turns, we observed that people often preferred to look at outer curve instead (e.g. on average, this occurred about 5\% more often in macular degeneration trials than in the unimpaired trials).

Conclusions: Simulated symptoms of early stage Macular Degeneration impacted steering and gaze behaviour. We are currently looking at gaze pattern signatures for each condition and correlating these with driving performance. In our future research we would like to examine collision avoidance strategies associated with different stages of the disease.  

Funding Sources: Endeavour Fellowship (Australia); Province of Ontario ORF/RE (CIV/DDD)

Biography: Margarita Vinnikov is currently a PhD candidate in the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, York University, Toronto. She works in the Virtual Reality and Perception Laboratory under supervision of Dr. Robert S. Allison. In 2006, she completed an Honours B.Sc. Specialized in Computer Science and in 2009, she completed M.Sc. Computer Science. Her research interest is in gaze-contingent real-time simulations of impaired vision.
},
	annote = {Dearborn MI
 Sept 16-18, 2013},
	author = {Vinnikov, M. and Palmisano, S.A. and Allison, R. S.},
	booktitle = {The Eye, the Brain and the Auto, Detroit Michigan Sept 2013},
	date-added = {2013-10-04 10:59:33 +0000},
	date-modified = {2013-10-09 14:06:56 +0000},
	keywords = {Optic flow & Self Motion (also Locomotion & Aviation)},
	title = {Steering with Simulated Symptoms of Age-related Macular Degeneration},
	year = {2013}}

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Methods: We examined the effects of the following macular degeneration symptoms on gaze behavior and steering performance: (i) horizontal distortions, (ii) Gaussian (both horizontal and vertical) distortions and (iii) central scotomas (iv) unimpaired vision condition. To ensure repeatability, we studied healthy participants and used a gaze-contingent display paradigm to simulate these visual deficiencies in real time. Driving was simulated at different speeds on two-lane curving rural roads with various layouts. Results: We predicted that gaze and driving performance would be more similar for the visual distortion and scotoma conditions than for conditions with no simulated visual deficiency. As expected, several deficits in driver performance were observed during simulated macular degeneration conditions. While gaze was reliably directed to nearer scene features during the Gaussian distortion and scotoma trials (compared to unimpaired trials), variability in lateral gaze did not differ (suggesting that information from the peripheral visual field was used to compensate for information that would have normally been available from the central visual field). Based on past findings, we also expected people to direct their gaze more towards the inner side of the curve. However, on a significant number of turns, we observed that people often preferred to look at outer curve instead (e.g. on average, this occurred about 5% more often in macular degeneration trials than in the unimpaired trials). Conclusions: Simulated symptoms of early stage Macular Degeneration impacted steering and gaze behaviour. We are currently looking at gaze pattern signatures for each condition and correlating these with driving performance. In our future research we would like to examine collision avoidance strategies associated with different stages of the disease. Funding Sources: Endeavour Fellowship (Australia); Province of Ontario ORF/RE (CIV/DDD) Biography: Margarita Vinnikov is currently a PhD candidate in the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, York University, Toronto. She works in the Virtual Reality and Perception Laboratory under supervision of Dr. Robert S. Allison. In 2006, she completed an Honours B.Sc. Specialized in Computer Science and in 2009, she completed M.Sc. Computer Science. Her research interest is in gaze-contingent real-time simulations of impaired vision. ","annote":"Dearborn MI Sept 16-18, 2013","author":[{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Vinnikov"],"firstnames":["M."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Palmisano"],"firstnames":["S.A."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Allison"],"firstnames":["R.","S."],"suffixes":[]}],"booktitle":"The Eye, the Brain and the Auto, Detroit Michigan Sept 2013","date-added":"2013-10-04 10:59:33 +0000","date-modified":"2013-10-09 14:06:56 +0000","keywords":"Optic flow & Self Motion (also Locomotion & Aviation)","title":"Steering with Simulated Symptoms of Age-related Macular Degeneration","year":"2013","bibtex":"@incollection{Vinnikov:2013fk,\n\tabstract = {Purpose: Age-related macular degeneration AMD is a leading cause of blindness in ageing populations across the world. The symptoms associated with later stages of the disease are sizeable blind spots (scotomas) in the central visual field, which significantly impact all aspects of everyday life (including driving and navigation). In contrast, the early symptoms of the disease include gradual reduction in acuity and visual distortion in the affected areas, also known as metamorphopsia. There is limited research on the functional consequences of symptoms in the early stages of the disease.\n\nMethods: We examined the effects of the following macular degeneration symptoms on gaze behavior and steering performance: (i) horizontal distortions, (ii) Gaussian (both horizontal and vertical) distortions and (iii) central scotomas (iv) unimpaired vision condition. To ensure repeatability, we studied healthy participants and used a gaze-contingent display paradigm to simulate these visual deficiencies in real time. Driving was simulated at different speeds on two-lane curving rural roads with various layouts. \n\nResults: We predicted that gaze and driving performance would be more similar for the visual distortion and scotoma conditions than for conditions with no simulated visual deficiency. As expected, several deficits in driver performance were observed during simulated macular degeneration conditions. While gaze was reliably directed to nearer scene features during the Gaussian distortion and scotoma trials (compared to unimpaired trials), variability in lateral gaze did not differ (suggesting that information from the peripheral visual field was used to compensate for information that would have normally been available from the central visual field). Based on past findings, we also expected people to direct their gaze more towards the inner side of the curve. However, on a significant number of turns, we observed that people often preferred to look at outer curve instead (e.g. on average, this occurred about 5\\% more often in macular degeneration trials than in the unimpaired trials).\n\nConclusions: Simulated symptoms of early stage Macular Degeneration impacted steering and gaze behaviour. We are currently looking at gaze pattern signatures for each condition and correlating these with driving performance. In our future research we would like to examine collision avoidance strategies associated with different stages of the disease. \n\nFunding Sources: Endeavour Fellowship (Australia); Province of Ontario ORF/RE (CIV/DDD)\n\nBiography: Margarita Vinnikov is currently a PhD candidate in the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, York University, Toronto. She works in the Virtual Reality and Perception Laboratory under supervision of Dr. Robert S. Allison. In 2006, she completed an Honours B.Sc. 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