@article{vogel_pupil_1972,
	title = {Pupil {Behavior} in a {Multi}-{Age} {Nongraded} {School}},
	volume = {41},
	url = {https://sci-hub.st/10.2307/20157354},
	abstract = {Form of elementary school organization was examined in relationship to pupil behavior. Measures of academic achievement, attitudes, conceptual maturity, performance during a standardized group problem solving situation, and during actual teaching episodes were collected from 473 pupils identified as normal age, underage, and overage enrolled in ten nongraded (experimental) classrooms and ten traditional graded classrooms. The data were analyzed using covariance procedures. The performance of the pupils in the experimental group seemed to reflect that school's emphasis on encouraging each child to develop to his maximum potential, to feel free to express his feelings, and to work successfully in small groups. The behaviors of the pupils in the traditional schools seemed to reflect their emphasis on the more traditional classroom activities. These findings  seemed to support the nongraded school in the instance when school programs are consistent with the nongraded idea.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {2},
	journal = {The Journal of Experimenal Education},
	author = {Vogel, Francis X. and Bowers, Norman D.},
	year = {1972},
	keywords = {Academic achievement, Data Collection, Measurement, Nongraded Instructional Grouping, Performance Factors, School Organization, Schools, Student Attitudes, Student Behavior, Tables (Data)},
	pages = {78--86}
}

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