@report{wadeSuccessTreesShrubs1985,
  title = {Success of Trees and Shrubs in an 18-Year-Old Planting on Mine Spoil},
  author = {Wade, Gary L. and Thompson, Ralph L. and Vogel, Willis G.},
  date = {1985},
  institution = {{United States Department of Agriculture}},
  url = {http://www.fs.fed.us/ne/newtown_square/publications/research_papers/pdfs/scanned/OCR/ne_rp567.pdf},
  abstract = {Plantings of 25 shrub and 25 tree species on a surface mine were evaluated after 18 years and results were compared to a 4-year evaluation. Pin oak, sweet birch, European white birch, Austrian pine, and bur oak show promise of value for wood products. Several other species are useful as soil builders and site stabilizers and for wildlife habitat. Results of the evaluation suggest that mortality of some species over the past 14 years is related primarily to intraspecific and interspecific competition rather than spoil characteristics},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13833869,ecological-restoration,forest-resources,quercus-palustris,restoration,soil-resources},
  number = {NE-567}
}

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