Looming Global-Scale Failures and Missing Institutions. Walker, B., Barrett, S., Polasky, S., Galaz, V., Folke, C., Engström, G., Ackerman, F., Arrow, K., Carpenter, S., Chopra, K., Daily, G., Ehrlich, P. R., Hughes, T., Kautsky, N., Levin, S., Mäler, K., Shogren, J., Vincent, J., Xepapadeas, T., & Zeeuw, A. d. Science, 325(5946):1345–1346, September, 2009. ![Looming Global-Scale Failures and Missing Institutions [link]](https://bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg "link")
Paper abstract bibtex Energy, food, and water crises; climate disruption; declining fisheries; increasing ocean acidification; emerging diseases; and increasing antibiotic resistance are examples of serious, intertwined global-scale challenges spawned by the accelerating scale of human activity. They are outpacing the development of institutions to deal with them and their many interactive effects. The core of the problem is inducing cooperation in situations where individuals and nations will collectively gain if all cooperate, but each faces the temptation to take a free ride on the cooperation of others. The nation-state achieves cooperation by the exercise of sovereign power within its boundaries. The difficulty to date is that transnational institutions provide, at best, only partial solutions, and implementation of even these solutions can be undermined by internation competition and recalcitrance.
@article{walker_looming_2009,
title = {Looming {Global}-{Scale} {Failures} and {Missing} {Institutions}},
volume = {325},
url = {http://www.sciencemag.org/content/325/5946/1345},
abstract = {Energy, food, and water crises; climate disruption; declining fisheries; increasing ocean acidification; emerging diseases; and increasing antibiotic resistance are examples of serious, intertwined global-scale challenges spawned by the accelerating scale of human activity. They are outpacing the development of institutions to deal with them and their many interactive effects. The core of the problem is inducing cooperation in situations where individuals and nations will collectively gain if all cooperate, but each faces the temptation to take a free ride on the cooperation of others. The nation-state achieves cooperation by the exercise of sovereign power within its boundaries. The difficulty to date is that transnational institutions provide, at best, only partial solutions, and implementation of even these solutions can be undermined by internation competition and recalcitrance.},
language = {en},
number = {5946},
urldate = {2013-11-19},
journal = {Science},
author = {Walker, Brian and Barrett, Scott and Polasky, Stephen and Galaz, Victor and Folke, Carl and Engström, Gustav and Ackerman, Frank and Arrow, Ken and Carpenter, Stephen and Chopra, Kanchan and Daily, Gretchen and Ehrlich, Paul R. and Hughes, Terry and Kautsky, Nils and Levin, Simon and Mäler, Karl-Göran and Shogren, Jason and Vincent, Jeff and Xepapadeas, Tasos and Zeeuw, Aart de},
month = sep,
year = {2009},
keywords = {governance, collapse, systemic-risks},
pages = {1345--1346},
file = {Walker et al. - 2009 - Looming Global-Scale Failures and Missing Institut.pdf:C\:\\Users\\rsrs\\Documents\\Zotero Database\\storage\\N35QCE4X\\Walker et al. - 2009 - Looming Global-Scale Failures and Missing Institut.pdf:application/pdf}
}
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