Strong Normalization with Non-structural Subtyping. Wand, M., O'Keefe, P., & Palsberg, J. Mathematical Structures in Computer Science, 5(3):419-430, September, 1995.
Strong Normalization with Non-structural Subtyping [link]Paper  abstract   bibtex   
We study a type system with a notion of subtyping that involves a largest type $\top$, a smallest type $\bot$, atomic coercions between base types, and the usual ordering of function types. We prove that any $\lambda$-term typable in this system is strongly normalizing; this solves an open problem of Thatte. We also prove that the fragment without $\bot$ types strictly fewer terms. This demonstrates that $\bot$ adds power to a type system.
@Article{WandOKeefePalsberg95,
  author = 	"Mitchell Wand and Patrick O'Keefe and Jens Palsberg",
  title = 	"Strong Normalization with Non-structural Subtyping",
  journal = 	"Mathematical Structures in Computer Science",
  year = 1995,		 
  volume = 	"5",
  number = 	"3",
  pages = 	"419-430",
  month = 	sep,
  abstract =    "We study a type system with a notion of subtyping 
that involves a largest type $\top$, a smallest type $\bot$, 
atomic coercions between base types, 
and the usual ordering of function types.
We prove that any $\lambda$-term typable in this system 
is strongly normalizing; this solves an open problem of Thatte.
We also prove that the fragment without $\bot$ types strictly fewer terms.
This demonstrates that $\bot$ adds power to a type system.",
  source = {~/types/sn/final.tex},
  URL =	 "ftp://ftp.ccs.neu.edu/pub/people/wand/papers/w-ok-p-94.dvi",
}

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