Disjunct populations of European vascular plant species keep the same climatic niches. Wasof, S., Lenoir, J., Aarrestad, P. A., Alsos, I. G., Armbruster, W. S., Austrheim, G., Bakkestuen, V., Birks, H. J. B., Bråthen, K. A., Broennimann, O., Brunet, J., Bruun, H. H., Dahlberg, C. J., Diekmann, M., Dullinger, S., Dynesius, M., Ejrnæs, R., Gégout, J., Graae, B. J., Grytnes, J., Guisan, A., Hylander, K., Jónsdóttir, I. S., Kapfer, J., Klanderud, K., Luoto, M., Milbau, A., Moora, M., Nygaard, B., Odland, A., Pauli, H., Ravolainen, V., Reinhardt, S., Sandvik, S. M., Schei, F. H., Speed, J. D. M., Svenning, J., Thuiller, W., Tveraabak, L. U., Vandvik, V., Velle, L. G., Virtanen, R., Vittoz, P., Willner, W., Wohlgemuth, T., Zimmermann, N. E., Zobel, M., & Decocq, G. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 24(12):1401–1412, December, 2015.
Disjunct populations of European vascular plant species keep the same climatic niches [link]Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   
Aim Previous research on how climatic niches vary across species ranges has focused on a limited number of species, mostly invasive, and has not, to date, been very conclusive. Here we assess the degree of niche conservatism between distant populations of native alpine plant species that have been separated for thousands of years. Location European Alps and Fennoscandia. Methods Of the studied pool of 888 terrestrial vascular plant species occurring in both the Alps and Fennoscandia, we used two complementary approaches to test and quantify climatic-niche shifts for 31 species having strictly disjunct populations and 358 species having either a contiguous or a patchy distribution with distant populations. First, we used species distribution modelling to test for a region effect on each species' climatic niche. Second, we quantified niche overlap and shifts in niche width (i.e. ecological amplitude) and position (i.e. ecological optimum) within a bi-dimensional climatic space. Results Only one species (3%) of the 31 species with strictly disjunct populations and 58 species (16%) of the 358 species with distant populations showed a region effect on their climatic niche. Niche overlap was higher for species with strictly disjunct populations than for species with distant populations and highest for arctic–alpine species. Climatic niches were, on average, wider and located towards warmer and wetter conditions in the Alps. Main conclusion Climatic niches seem to be generally conserved between populations that are separated between the Alps and Fennoscandia and have probably been so for 10,000–15,000 years. Therefore, the basic assumption of species distribution models that a species' climatic niche is constant in space and time – at least on time scales 104 years or less – seems to be largely valid for arctic–alpine plants.
@article{wasof_disjunct_2015,
	title = {Disjunct populations of {European} vascular plant species keep the same climatic niches},
	volume = {24},
	issn = {1466-8238},
	url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com.proxy.ub.umu.se/doi/10.1111/geb.12375/abstract},
	doi = {10.1111/geb.12375},
	abstract = {Aim

Previous research on how climatic niches vary across species ranges has focused on a limited number of species, mostly invasive, and has not, to date, been very conclusive. Here we assess the degree of niche conservatism between distant populations of native alpine plant species that have been separated for thousands of years.


Location

European Alps and Fennoscandia.


Methods

Of the studied pool of 888 terrestrial vascular plant species occurring in both the Alps and Fennoscandia, we used two complementary approaches to test and quantify climatic-niche shifts for 31 species having strictly disjunct populations and 358 species having either a contiguous or a patchy distribution with distant populations. First, we used species distribution modelling to test for a region effect on each species' climatic niche. Second, we quantified niche overlap and shifts in niche width (i.e. ecological amplitude) and position (i.e. ecological optimum) within a bi-dimensional climatic space.


Results

Only one species (3\%) of the 31 species with strictly disjunct populations and 58 species (16\%) of the 358 species with distant populations showed a region effect on their climatic niche. Niche overlap was higher for species with strictly disjunct populations than for species with distant populations and highest for arctic–alpine species. Climatic niches were, on average, wider and located towards warmer and wetter conditions in the Alps.


Main conclusion

Climatic niches seem to be generally conserved between populations that are separated between the Alps and Fennoscandia and have probably been so for 10,000–15,000 years. Therefore, the basic assumption of species distribution models that a species' climatic niche is constant in space and time – at least on time scales 104 years or less – seems to be largely valid for arctic–alpine plants.},
	language = {en},
	number = {12},
	urldate = {2016-11-08},
	journal = {Global Ecology and Biogeography},
	author = {Wasof, Safaa and Lenoir, Jonathan and Aarrestad, Per Arild and Alsos, Inger Greve and Armbruster, W. Scott and Austrheim, Gunnar and Bakkestuen, Vegar and Birks, H. John B. and Bråthen, Kari Anne and Broennimann, Olivier and Brunet, Jörg and Bruun, Hans Henrik and Dahlberg, Carl Johan and Diekmann, Martin and Dullinger, Stefan and Dynesius, Mats and Ejrnæs, Rasmus and Gégout, Jean-Claude and Graae, Bente Jessen and Grytnes, John-Arvid and Guisan, Antoine and Hylander, Kristoffer and Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg S. and Kapfer, Jutta and Klanderud, Kari and Luoto, Miska and Milbau, Ann and Moora, Mari and Nygaard, Bettina and Odland, Arvid and Pauli, Harald and Ravolainen, Virve and Reinhardt, Stefanie and Sandvik, Sylvi Marlen and Schei, Fride Høistad and Speed, James D. M. and Svenning, Jens-Christian and Thuiller, Wilfried and Tveraabak, Liv Unn and Vandvik, Vigdis and Velle, Liv Guri and Virtanen, Risto and Vittoz, Pascal and Willner, Wolfgang and Wohlgemuth, Thomas and Zimmermann, Niklaus E. and Zobel, Martin and Decocq, Guillaume},
	month = dec,
	year = {2015},
	keywords = {\#nosource, Alpine plants, Climatic Niche, arctic plants, disjunct distribution, distant populations, niche conservatism, niche optimum, niche overlap, niche width, species distribution modelling},
	pages = {1401--1412},
}
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