@article{RN164,
   author = {Wasson, E. M. and Ivey, J. W. and Verbridge, S. S. and Davalos, R. V.},
   title = {The Feasibility of Enhancing Susceptibility of Glioblastoma Cells to IRE Using a Calcium Adjuvant},
   journal = {Ann Biomed Eng},
   volume = {45},
   number = {11},
   pages = {2535-2547},
   note = {1573-9686
Wasson, Elisa M
Orcid: 0000-0002-3263-2403
Ivey, Jill W
Verbridge, Scott S
Davalos, Rafael V
R01 CA213423/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States
R21 CA192042/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States
Journal Article
United States
2017/08/30
Ann Biomed Eng. 2017 Nov;45(11):2535-2547. doi: 10.1007/s10439-017-1905-6. Epub 2017 Aug 28.},
   abstract = {Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a cellular ablation method used to treat a variety of cancers. IRE works by exposing tissues to pulsed electric fields which cause cell membrane disruption. Cells exposed to lower energies become temporarily permeable while greater energy exposure results in cell death. For IRE to be used safely in the brain, methods are needed to extend the area of ablation without increasing applied voltage, and thus, thermal damage. We present evidence that IRE used with adjuvant calcium (5 mM CaCl(2)) results in a nearly twofold increase in ablation area in vitro compared to IRE alone. Adjuvant 5 mM CaCl(2) induces death in cells reversibly electroporated by IRE, thereby lowering the electric field thresholds required for cell death to nearly half that of IRE alone. The calcium-induced death response of reversibly electroporated cells is confirmed by electrochemotherapy pulses which also induced cell death with calcium but not without. These findings, combined with our numerical modeling, suggest the ability to ablate up to 3.2× larger volumes of tissue in vivo when combining IRE and calcium. The ability to ablate a larger volume with lowered energies would improve the efficacy and safety of IRE therapy.},
   keywords = {*Ablation Techniques
Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic/*pharmacology
Brain Neoplasms/therapy
Calcium Chloride/*pharmacology
Cell Line, Tumor
Collagen
*Electroporation
Glioblastoma/therapy
Humans
Models, Theoretical
Ablation volume
Brain cancer
Combined therapy
Electrochemotherapy
Finite element modeling
Irreversible electroporation},
   ISSN = {0090-6964 (Print)
0090-6964},
   DOI = {10.1007/s10439-017-1905-6},
   year = {2017},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

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V."],"bibdata":{"bibtype":"article","type":"Journal Article","author":[{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Wasson"],"firstnames":["E.","M."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Ivey"],"firstnames":["J.","W."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Verbridge"],"firstnames":["S.","S."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Davalos"],"firstnames":["R.","V."],"suffixes":[]}],"title":"The Feasibility of Enhancing Susceptibility of Glioblastoma Cells to IRE Using a Calcium Adjuvant","journal":"Ann Biomed Eng","volume":"45","number":"11","pages":"2535-2547","note":"1573-9686 Wasson, Elisa M Orcid: 0000-0002-3263-2403 Ivey, Jill W Verbridge, Scott S Davalos, Rafael V R01 CA213423/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States R21 CA192042/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States Journal Article United States 2017/08/30 Ann Biomed Eng. 2017 Nov;45(11):2535-2547. doi: 10.1007/s10439-017-1905-6. Epub 2017 Aug 28.","abstract":"Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a cellular ablation method used to treat a variety of cancers. IRE works by exposing tissues to pulsed electric fields which cause cell membrane disruption. Cells exposed to lower energies become temporarily permeable while greater energy exposure results in cell death. For IRE to be used safely in the brain, methods are needed to extend the area of ablation without increasing applied voltage, and thus, thermal damage. We present evidence that IRE used with adjuvant calcium (5 mM CaCl(2)) results in a nearly twofold increase in ablation area in vitro compared to IRE alone. Adjuvant 5 mM CaCl(2) induces death in cells reversibly electroporated by IRE, thereby lowering the electric field thresholds required for cell death to nearly half that of IRE alone. The calcium-induced death response of reversibly electroporated cells is confirmed by electrochemotherapy pulses which also induced cell death with calcium but not without. These findings, combined with our numerical modeling, suggest the ability to ablate up to 3.2× larger volumes of tissue in vivo when combining IRE and calcium. The ability to ablate a larger volume with lowered energies would improve the efficacy and safety of IRE therapy.","keywords":"*Ablation Techniques Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic/*pharmacology Brain Neoplasms/therapy Calcium Chloride/*pharmacology Cell Line, Tumor Collagen *Electroporation Glioblastoma/therapy Humans Models, Theoretical Ablation volume Brain cancer Combined therapy Electrochemotherapy Finite element modeling Irreversible electroporation","issn":"0090-6964 (Print) 0090-6964","doi":"10.1007/s10439-017-1905-6","year":"2017","bibtex":"@article{RN164,\n author = {Wasson, E. M. and Ivey, J. W. and Verbridge, S. S. and Davalos, R. V.},\n title = {The Feasibility of Enhancing Susceptibility of Glioblastoma Cells to IRE Using a Calcium Adjuvant},\n journal = {Ann Biomed Eng},\n volume = {45},\n number = {11},\n pages = {2535-2547},\n note = {1573-9686\nWasson, Elisa M\nOrcid: 0000-0002-3263-2403\nIvey, Jill W\nVerbridge, Scott S\nDavalos, Rafael V\nR01 CA213423/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States\nR21 CA192042/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States\nJournal Article\nUnited States\n2017/08/30\nAnn Biomed Eng. 2017 Nov;45(11):2535-2547. doi: 10.1007/s10439-017-1905-6. Epub 2017 Aug 28.},\n abstract = {Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a cellular ablation method used to treat a variety of cancers. IRE works by exposing tissues to pulsed electric fields which cause cell membrane disruption. Cells exposed to lower energies become temporarily permeable while greater energy exposure results in cell death. For IRE to be used safely in the brain, methods are needed to extend the area of ablation without increasing applied voltage, and thus, thermal damage. We present evidence that IRE used with adjuvant calcium (5 mM CaCl(2)) results in a nearly twofold increase in ablation area in vitro compared to IRE alone. Adjuvant 5 mM CaCl(2) induces death in cells reversibly electroporated by IRE, thereby lowering the electric field thresholds required for cell death to nearly half that of IRE alone. The calcium-induced death response of reversibly electroporated cells is confirmed by electrochemotherapy pulses which also induced cell death with calcium but not without. These findings, combined with our numerical modeling, suggest the ability to ablate up to 3.2× larger volumes of tissue in vivo when combining IRE and calcium. The ability to ablate a larger volume with lowered energies would improve the efficacy and safety of IRE therapy.},\n keywords = {*Ablation Techniques\nAdjuvants, Pharmaceutic/*pharmacology\nBrain Neoplasms/therapy\nCalcium Chloride/*pharmacology\nCell Line, Tumor\nCollagen\n*Electroporation\nGlioblastoma/therapy\nHumans\nModels, Theoretical\nAblation volume\nBrain cancer\nCombined therapy\nElectrochemotherapy\nFinite element modeling\nIrreversible electroporation},\n ISSN = {0090-6964 (Print)\n0090-6964},\n DOI = {10.1007/s10439-017-1905-6},\n year = {2017},\n type = {Journal Article}\n}\n\n","author_short":["Wasson, E. M.","Ivey, J. W.","Verbridge, S. S.","Davalos, R. 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