@article{ waters_context_????,
  title = {Context and explicit threat cue modulation of the startle reflex: Preliminary evidence of distinctions between adolescents with principal fear disorders versus distress disorders},
  issn = {0165-1781},
  shorttitle = {Context and explicit threat cue modulation of the startle reflex},
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165178114000882},
  doi = {10.1016/j.psychres.2014.01.047},
  abstract = {Anxiety and depression are prevalent, impairing disorders. High comorbidity has raised questions about how to define and classify them. Structural models emphasise distinctions between “fear” and “distress” disorders while other initiatives propose they be defined by neurobiological indicators that cut across disorders. This study examined startle reflex ({SR}) modulation in adolescents with principal fear disorders (specific phobia; social phobia) (n=20), distress disorders (unipolar depressive disorders, dysthymia, generalised anxiety disorder; post-traumatic stress disorder) (n=9), and controls (n=29) during (a) baseline conditions, (b) threat context conditions (presence of contraction pads over the biceps muscle), and (c) an explicit threat cue paradigm involving phases that signalled safety from aversive stimuli (early and late stages of safe phases; early stages of danger phases) and phases that signalled immediate danger of an aversive stimulus (late stages of danger phases). Adolescents with principal fear disorders showed larger {SRs} than other groups throughout safe phases and early stages of danger phases. {SRs} did not differ between groups during late danger phases. Adolescents with principal distress disorders showed attenuated {SRs} during baseline and context conditions compared to other groups. Preliminary findings support initiatives to redefine emotional disorders based on neurobiological functioning.},
  urldate = {2014-04-17TZ},
  journal = {Psychiatry Research},
  author = {Waters, Allison M. and Nazarian, Maria and Mineka, Susan and Zinbarg, Richard E. and Griffith, James W. and Naliboff, Bruce and Ornitz, Edward M. and Craske, Michelle G.},
  keywords = {Adolescents, Distress disorders, Fear disorders, Startle reflexes}
}

{"_id":"ANws6Tm8i7XX26Ri7","authorIDs":[],"author_short":["Waters, A.<nbsp>M.","Nazarian, M.","Mineka, S.","Zinbarg, R.<nbsp>E.","Griffith, J.<nbsp>W.","Naliboff, B.","Ornitz, E.<nbsp>M.","Craske, M.<nbsp>G."],"bibbaseid":"waters-nazarian-mineka-zinbarg-griffith-naliboff-ornitz-craske-contextandexplicitthreatcuemodulationofthestartlereflexpreliminaryevidenceofdistinctionsbetweenadolescentswithprincipalfeardisordersversusdistressdisorders","bibdata":{"abstract":"Anxiety and depression are prevalent, impairing disorders. High comorbidity has raised questions about how to define and classify them. Structural models emphasise distinctions between “fear” and “distress” disorders while other initiatives propose they be defined by neurobiological indicators that cut across disorders. This study examined startle reflex (SR) modulation in adolescents with principal fear disorders (specific phobia; social phobia) (n=20), distress disorders (unipolar depressive disorders, dysthymia, generalised anxiety disorder; post-traumatic stress disorder) (n=9), and controls (n=29) during (a) baseline conditions, (b) threat context conditions (presence of contraction pads over the biceps muscle), and (c) an explicit threat cue paradigm involving phases that signalled safety from aversive stimuli (early and late stages of safe phases; early stages of danger phases) and phases that signalled immediate danger of an aversive stimulus (late stages of danger phases). Adolescents with principal fear disorders showed larger SRs than other groups throughout safe phases and early stages of danger phases. SRs did not differ between groups during late danger phases. Adolescents with principal distress disorders showed attenuated SRs during baseline and context conditions compared to other groups. Preliminary findings support initiatives to redefine emotional disorders based on neurobiological functioning.","author":["Waters, Allison M.","Nazarian, Maria","Mineka, Susan","Zinbarg, Richard E.","Griffith, James W.","Naliboff, Bruce","Ornitz, Edward M.","Craske, Michelle G."],"author_short":["Waters, A.<nbsp>M.","Nazarian, M.","Mineka, S.","Zinbarg, R.<nbsp>E.","Griffith, J.<nbsp>W.","Naliboff, B.","Ornitz, E.<nbsp>M.","Craske, M.<nbsp>G."],"bibtex":"@article{ waters_context_????,\n title = {Context and explicit threat cue modulation of the startle reflex: Preliminary evidence of distinctions between adolescents with principal fear disorders versus distress disorders},\n issn = {0165-1781},\n shorttitle = {Context and explicit threat cue modulation of the startle reflex},\n url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165178114000882},\n doi = {10.1016/j.psychres.2014.01.047},\n abstract = {Anxiety and depression are prevalent, impairing disorders. High comorbidity has raised questions about how to define and classify them. Structural models emphasise distinctions between “fear” and “distress” disorders while other initiatives propose they be defined by neurobiological indicators that cut across disorders. This study examined startle reflex ({SR}) modulation in adolescents with principal fear disorders (specific phobia; social phobia) (n=20), distress disorders (unipolar depressive disorders, dysthymia, generalised anxiety disorder; post-traumatic stress disorder) (n=9), and controls (n=29) during (a) baseline conditions, (b) threat context conditions (presence of contraction pads over the biceps muscle), and (c) an explicit threat cue paradigm involving phases that signalled safety from aversive stimuli (early and late stages of safe phases; early stages of danger phases) and phases that signalled immediate danger of an aversive stimulus (late stages of danger phases). Adolescents with principal fear disorders showed larger {SRs} than other groups throughout safe phases and early stages of danger phases. {SRs} did not differ between groups during late danger phases. Adolescents with principal distress disorders showed attenuated {SRs} during baseline and context conditions compared to other groups. Preliminary findings support initiatives to redefine emotional disorders based on neurobiological functioning.},\n urldate = {2014-04-17TZ},\n journal = {Psychiatry Research},\n author = {Waters, Allison M. and Nazarian, Maria and Mineka, Susan and Zinbarg, Richard E. and Griffith, James W. and Naliboff, Bruce and Ornitz, Edward M. and Craske, Michelle G.},\n keywords = {Adolescents, Distress disorders, Fear disorders, Startle reflexes}\n}","bibtype":"article","doi":"10.1016/j.psychres.2014.01.047","id":"waters_context_????","issn":"0165-1781","journal":"Psychiatry Research","key":"waters_context_????","keywords":"Adolescents, Distress disorders, Fear disorders, Startle reflexes","shorttitle":"Context and explicit threat cue modulation of the startle reflex","title":"Context and explicit threat cue modulation of the startle reflex: Preliminary evidence of distinctions between adolescents with principal fear disorders versus distress disorders","type":"article","url":"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165178114000882","urldate":"2014-04-17TZ","bibbaseid":"waters-nazarian-mineka-zinbarg-griffith-naliboff-ornitz-craske-contextandexplicitthreatcuemodulationofthestartlereflexpreliminaryevidenceofdistinctionsbetweenadolescentswithprincipalfeardisordersversusdistressdisorders","role":"author","urls":{"Paper":"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165178114000882"},"keyword":["Adolescents","Distress disorders","Fear disorders","Startle reflexes"],"downloads":0,"html":""},"bibtype":"article","biburl":"http://bibbase.org/zotero/brizard","creationDate":"2015-02-11T09:04:28.559Z","downloads":0,"keywords":["adolescents","distress disorders","fear disorders","startle reflexes"],"search_terms":["context","explicit","threat","cue","modulation","startle","reflex","preliminary","evidence","distinctions","between","adolescents","principal","fear","disorders","versus","distress","disorders","waters","nazarian","mineka","zinbarg","griffith","naliboff","ornitz","craske"],"title":"Context and explicit threat cue modulation of the startle reflex: Preliminary evidence of distinctions between adolescents with principal fear disorders versus distress disorders","year":null,"dataSources":["H9yznXMN7R8ae2jTA"]}