Twenty four-month-old infants' interpretations of novel verbs and nouns in dynamic scenes. Waxman, S. R, Lidz, J. L, Braun, I. E, & Lavin, T. Cogn Psychol, 59(1):67-95, 2009.
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The current experiments address several concerns, both empirical and theoretical in nature, that have surfaced within the verb learning literature. They begin to reconcile what, until now, has been a large and largely unexplained gap between infants' well-documented ability to acquire verbs in the natural course of their lives and their rather surprising failures to do so in many laboratory-based tasks. We presented 24-month-old infants with dynamic scenes (e.g., a man waving a balloon), and asked (a) whether infants could construe these scenes flexibly, noticing the consistent action (e.g., waving) as well as the consistent object (e.g., the balloon) and (b) whether their construals of the scenes were influenced by the grammatical form of a novel word used to describe them (verb or noun). We document that 24-month-olds' representations of novel words are sufficiently precise to permit them to map novel verbs to event categories (e.g., waving events) and novel nouns to object categories (e.g., balloons). We also document the time-course underlying infants' mapping of the novel words. These results beckon us to move beyond asking whether or not infants can represent verb meanings, and to consider instead the conditions that support successful verb learning in infants and young children.
@Article{Waxman2009,
  author   = {Sandra R Waxman and Jeffrey L Lidz and Irena E Braun and Tracy Lavin},
  journal  = {Cogn Psychol},
  title    = {Twenty four-month-old infants' interpretations of novel verbs and nouns in dynamic scenes.},
  year     = {2009},
  number   = {1},
  pages    = {67-95},
  volume   = {59},
  abstract = {The current experiments address several concerns, both empirical and
	theoretical in nature, that have surfaced within the verb learning
	literature. They begin to reconcile what, until now, has been a large
	and largely unexplained gap between infants' well-documented ability
	to acquire verbs in the natural course of their lives and their rather
	surprising failures to do so in many laboratory-based tasks. We presented
	24-month-old infants with dynamic scenes (e.g., a man waving a balloon),
	and asked (a) whether infants could construe these scenes flexibly,
	noticing the consistent action (e.g., waving) as well as the consistent
	object (e.g., the balloon) and (b) whether their construals of the
	scenes were influenced by the grammatical form of a novel word used
	to describe them (verb or noun). We document that 24-month-olds'
	representations of novel words are sufficiently precise to permit
	them to map novel verbs to event categories (e.g., waving events)
	and novel nouns to object categories (e.g., balloons). We also document
	the time-course underlying infants' mapping of the novel words. These
	results beckon us to move beyond asking whether or not infants can
	represent verb meanings, and to consider instead the conditions that
	support successful verb learning in infants and young children.},
  doi      = {10.1016/j.cogpsych.2009.02.001},
  keywords = {Attention, Child, Concept Formation, Discrimination (Psychology), Female, Humans, Infant, Language Development, Learning, Male, Preschool, Psycholinguistics, Reaction Time, Research Design, Speech Perception, 19303591},
}

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