Pose Machines :. Wei, S., Ramakrishna, V., Kanada, T., & Sheikh, Y. Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2016.
Pose Machines : [pdf]Paper  abstract   bibtex   
Pose Machines provide a sequential prediction frame-work for learning rich implicit spatial models. In this work we show a systematic design for how convolutional net-works can be incorporated into the pose machine frame-work for learning image features and image-dependent spa-tial models for the task of pose estimation. The contribution of this paper is to implicitly model long-range dependen-cies between variables in structured prediction tasks such as articulated pose estimation. We achieve this by designing a sequential architecture composed of convolutional net-works that directly operate on belief maps from previous stages, producing increasingly refined estimates for part lo-cations, without the need for explicit graphical model-style inference. Our approach addresses the characteristic diffi-culty of vanishing gradients during training by providing a natural learning objective function that enforces intermedi-ate supervision, thereby replenishing back-propagated gra-dients and conditioning the learning procedure. We demon-strate state-of-the-art performance and outperform compet-ing methods on standard benchmarks including the MPII, LSP, and FLIC datasets.

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