@article{weir_cobalt_1961,
	title = {Cobalt bullets},
	volume = {5},
	shorttitle = {Cobalt bullets},
	abstract = {Abstract:  The element cobalt is essential in the feed of sheep in minute amounts.  Whether or not it needs to be provided as a special supplement depends on the amount present in natural feed.  The small amount required by sheep is difficult to assay.  Feed or forage containing more than 0.07 parts per million of cobalt in feed (on a dry matter basis) has been shown to prevent deficiency.  A cobalt bullet consisting of cobalt salt and a special clay has been developed in Australia to provide a continuous, very low concentration source of cobalt for sheep.  The bullet is deposited in the esophagus of the sheep, which swallows it, and the bullet remains in the reticulum to slowly dissolve.  Tests to determine if this supplementary cobalt would result in additional weight gain by lambs were conducted at Hopland and elsewhere.  None of the tests indicated that the cobalt treatment appreciably improved gain by lambs.  In some of the trials, the change in weight was higher in the treated compared to control animals, but the differences were not significant.  The bullets have been reported to glaze over on the surface under some conditions and become ineffective.  This condition has been prevented by administering a steel pellet such as an engineer's 1/2 x 1/2-inch grub screw along with the bullet.  This provides constant abrasion and prevents the bullet from developing a coating.  Tests are continuing at Hopland to determine if this condition might have affected the trial results.  As the coating takes some time to limit the availability of cobalt from the bullet, it is considered unlikely that this phenomenon appreciably influenced the results reported here.},
	number = {12},
	journal = {Calif. Agric.},
	author = {Weir, William C. and Shippey, Roderick A. and Bell, Fremont L. and Maxwell, L. V. and Torell, Donald T.},
	year = {1961},
	keywords = {1961, Bell, F. L., Maxwell, L. V., Shippey, R. A., Torell, D. T., Weir, W. C., cobalt, as micronutrient, lamb performance, sheep nutrition, weight gain, lamb},
	pages = {15}
}

{"_id":"8zFytk5Q8MJANebnk","bibbaseid":"weir-shippey-bell-maxwell-torell-cobaltbullets-1961","downloads":0,"creationDate":"2016-08-29T18:02:36.704Z","title":"Cobalt bullets","author_short":["Weir, W. C.","Shippey, R. A.","Bell, F. L.","Maxwell, L. V.","Torell, D. T."],"year":1961,"bibtype":"article","biburl":"https://api.zotero.org/users/3299312/collections/5TGXNFDB/items?key=XLlgIWN0UJCHIo6fTvJthwnZ&format=bibtex&limit=100","bibdata":{"bibtype":"article","type":"article","title":"Cobalt bullets","volume":"5","shorttitle":"Cobalt bullets","abstract":"Abstract: The element cobalt is essential in the feed of sheep in minute amounts. Whether or not it needs to be provided as a special supplement depends on the amount present in natural feed. The small amount required by sheep is difficult to assay. Feed or forage containing more than 0.07 parts per million of cobalt in feed (on a dry matter basis) has been shown to prevent deficiency. A cobalt bullet consisting of cobalt salt and a special clay has been developed in Australia to provide a continuous, very low concentration source of cobalt for sheep. The bullet is deposited in the esophagus of the sheep, which swallows it, and the bullet remains in the reticulum to slowly dissolve. Tests to determine if this supplementary cobalt would result in additional weight gain by lambs were conducted at Hopland and elsewhere. None of the tests indicated that the cobalt treatment appreciably improved gain by lambs. In some of the trials, the change in weight was higher in the treated compared to control animals, but the differences were not significant. The bullets have been reported to glaze over on the surface under some conditions and become ineffective. This condition has been prevented by administering a steel pellet such as an engineer's 1/2 x 1/2-inch grub screw along with the bullet. This provides constant abrasion and prevents the bullet from developing a coating. Tests are continuing at Hopland to determine if this condition might have affected the trial results. As the coating takes some time to limit the availability of cobalt from the bullet, it is considered unlikely that this phenomenon appreciably influenced the results reported here.","number":"12","journal":"Calif. Agric.","author":[{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Weir"],"firstnames":["William","C."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Shippey"],"firstnames":["Roderick","A."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Bell"],"firstnames":["Fremont","L."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Maxwell"],"firstnames":["L.","V."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Torell"],"firstnames":["Donald","T."],"suffixes":[]}],"year":"1961","keywords":"1961, Bell, F. L., Maxwell, L. V., Shippey, R. A., Torell, D. T., Weir, W. C., cobalt, as micronutrient, lamb performance, sheep nutrition, weight gain, lamb","pages":"15","bibtex":"@article{weir_cobalt_1961,\n\ttitle = {Cobalt bullets},\n\tvolume = {5},\n\tshorttitle = {Cobalt bullets},\n\tabstract = {Abstract: The element cobalt is essential in the feed of sheep in minute amounts. Whether or not it needs to be provided as a special supplement depends on the amount present in natural feed. The small amount required by sheep is difficult to assay. Feed or forage containing more than 0.07 parts per million of cobalt in feed (on a dry matter basis) has been shown to prevent deficiency. A cobalt bullet consisting of cobalt salt and a special clay has been developed in Australia to provide a continuous, very low concentration source of cobalt for sheep. The bullet is deposited in the esophagus of the sheep, which swallows it, and the bullet remains in the reticulum to slowly dissolve. Tests to determine if this supplementary cobalt would result in additional weight gain by lambs were conducted at Hopland and elsewhere. None of the tests indicated that the cobalt treatment appreciably improved gain by lambs. In some of the trials, the change in weight was higher in the treated compared to control animals, but the differences were not significant. The bullets have been reported to glaze over on the surface under some conditions and become ineffective. This condition has been prevented by administering a steel pellet such as an engineer's 1/2 x 1/2-inch grub screw along with the bullet. This provides constant abrasion and prevents the bullet from developing a coating. Tests are continuing at Hopland to determine if this condition might have affected the trial results. As the coating takes some time to limit the availability of cobalt from the bullet, it is considered unlikely that this phenomenon appreciably influenced the results reported here.},\n\tnumber = {12},\n\tjournal = {Calif. Agric.},\n\tauthor = {Weir, William C. and Shippey, Roderick A. and Bell, Fremont L. and Maxwell, L. V. and Torell, Donald T.},\n\tyear = {1961},\n\tkeywords = {1961, Bell, F. L., Maxwell, L. V., Shippey, R. A., Torell, D. T., Weir, W. C., cobalt, as micronutrient, lamb performance, sheep nutrition, weight gain, lamb},\n\tpages = {15}\n}\n\n","author_short":["Weir, W. C.","Shippey, R. A.","Bell, F. L.","Maxwell, L. V.","Torell, D. T."],"key":"weir_cobalt_1961","id":"weir_cobalt_1961","bibbaseid":"weir-shippey-bell-maxwell-torell-cobaltbullets-1961","role":"author","urls":{},"keyword":["1961","Bell","F. L.","Maxwell","L. V.","Shippey","R. A.","Torell","D. T.","Weir","W. 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