Ixodes pacificus (Acari: Ixodidae): population dynamics and distribution on Columbian black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus). Westrom, D. R., Lane, R. S., & Anderson, J. R. J. Med. Entomol., 22(5):507–511, 1985.
abstract   bibtex   
Abstract: The absolute population density and spatial distribution of the ixodid tick Ixodes pacificus were determined on Columbian black-tailed deer collected over a 3-year period in northern California. Tick abundance was compared as to season and age, anatomy, habitat, and sex of deer. Spatial distribution was analyzed by dividing the deer hide into 6 regions and processing each section separately. In total, 1,336 I. pacificus were collected from 47 (66%) of 71 deer examined. Of these, 94.6% were adults and the remainder larvae and nymphs. The number of ticks averaged 18.8 per deer and the intensity (= mean number of ticks per infested host) was 28.4. The prevalence of ticks on female deer (79%) was greater in fall and winter than in spring and summer. Males constituted 54% of the adults; more males than females occurred on deer in winter than in other seasons and on the posterior dorsum than on other body regions. Overall, 80% of the ticks found occupied the anterior and posterior venters. Nearly 90% of larvae and nymphs were found in spring. Larvae preferred the ventral regions of the body, and nymphs the venter and head.
@article{westrom_ixodes_1985,
	title = {Ixodes pacificus ({Acari}: {Ixodidae}): population dynamics and distribution on {Columbian} black-tailed deer ({Odocoileus} hemionus columbianus)},
	volume = {22},
	shorttitle = {Ixodes pacificus ({Acari}: {Ixodidae}): population dynamics and distribution on {Columbian} black-tailed deer ({Odocoileus} hemionus columbianus)},
	abstract = {Abstract:  The absolute population density and spatial distribution of the ixodid tick Ixodes pacificus were determined on Columbian black-tailed deer collected over a 3-year period in northern California.  Tick abundance was compared as to season and age, anatomy, habitat, and sex of deer.  Spatial distribution was analyzed by dividing the deer hide into 6 regions and processing each section separately.  In total, 1,336 I. pacificus were collected from 47 (66\%) of 71 deer examined.  Of these, 94.6\% were adults and the remainder larvae and nymphs.  The number of ticks averaged 18.8 per deer and the intensity (= mean number of ticks per infested host) was 28.4.  The prevalence of ticks on female deer (79\%) was greater in fall and winter than in spring and summer.  Males constituted 54\% of the adults; more males than females occurred on deer in winter than in other seasons and on the posterior dorsum than on other body regions.  Overall, 80\% of the ticks found occupied the anterior and posterior venters.  Nearly 90\% of larvae and nymphs were found in spring.  Larvae preferred the ventral regions of the body, and nymphs the venter and head.},
	number = {5},
	journal = {J. Med. Entomol.},
	author = {Westrom, Dale R. and Lane, Robert S. and Anderson, John R.},
	year = {1985},
	keywords = {1985, Acari: Ixodidae, Anderson, J. R., Ixodes pacificus, Lane, R. S., Odocoileus hemionus columbianus, Westrom, D. R., deer ectoparasites, deer, Columbian black-tailed, ectoparasites, deer, parasites, deer, tick, western black-legged},
	pages = {507--511}
}

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