@Article{RSM:Wij95,
  author =       "M. C. Wijffels and C. J. Kirchhof and R. Dorland and
                 M. A. Allessie",
  title =        "Atrial fibrillation begets atrial fibrillation. {A}
                 study in awake chronically instrumented goats",
  journal =      j-C,
  volume =       "92",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "1954--1968",
  abstract =     "afib BACKGROUND: In this study we tested the hypothesis
                 that atrial fibrillation (AF) causes
                 electrophysiological changes of the atrial myocardium
                 which might explain the progressive nature of the
                 arrhythmia. METHODS AND RESULTS: Twelve goats were
                 chronically instrumented with multiple electrodes
                 sutured to the epicardium of both atria. Two to 3 Weeks
                 after implantation, the animals were connected to a
                 fibrillation pacemaker which artificially maintained
                 AF. Whereas during control episodes of AF were short
                 lasting (6 +/- 3 seconds), artificial maintenance of AF
                 resulted in a progressive increase in the duration of
                 AF to become sustained (> 24 hours) after 7.1 +/- 4.8
                 days (10 of 11 goats). During the first 24 hours of AF
                 the median fibrillation interval shortened from 145 +/-
                 18 to 108 +/- 8 ms and the inducibility of AF by a
                 single premature stimulus increased from 24\% to 76\%.
                 The atrial effective refractory period (AERP) shortened
                 from 146 +/- 19 to 95 +/- 20 ms (-35\%) (S1S1, 400 ms).
                 At high pacing rates the shortening was less (-12\%),
                 pointing to a reversion of the normal adaptation of the
                 AERP to heart rate. In 5 goats, after 2 to 4 weeks of
                 AF, sinus rhythm was restored and all
                 electrophysiological changes were found to be
                 reversible within 1 week. CONCLUSIONS: Artificial
                 maintenance of AF leads to a marked shortening of AERP,
                 a reversion of its physiological rate adaptation, and
                 an increase in rate, inducibility and stability of AF.
                 All these changes were completely reversible within 1
                 week of sinus rhythm.",
  keywords =     "Animals Atrial Fibrillation/etiology/*physiopathology
                 Atrial Function/*physiology Cardiac Pacing, Artificial
                 Consciousness Electrocardiography Electrophysiology
                 Goats/*physiology Heart Conduction
                 System/*physiopathology Pacemaker, Artificial
                 Refractory Period, Electrophysiological/physiology Time
                 Factors",
  year =         "1995",
}

{"_id":"X6xf5wDPmMEE86qCd","bibbaseid":"wijffels-kirchhof-dorland-allessie-atrialfibrillationbegetsatrialfibrillationastudyinawakechronicallyinstrumentedgoats-1995","downloads":0,"creationDate":"2016-07-01T21:38:42.907Z","title":"Atrial fibrillation begets atrial fibrillation. A study in awake chronically instrumented goats","author_short":["Wijffels, M. C.","Kirchhof, C. J.","Dorland, R.","Allessie, M. A."],"year":1995,"bibtype":"article","biburl":"http://www.sci.utah.edu/~macleod/Bibtex/biglit.bib","bibdata":{"bibtype":"article","type":"article","author":[{"firstnames":["M.","C."],"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Wijffels"],"suffixes":[]},{"firstnames":["C.","J."],"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Kirchhof"],"suffixes":[]},{"firstnames":["R."],"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Dorland"],"suffixes":[]},{"firstnames":["M.","A."],"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Allessie"],"suffixes":[]}],"title":"Atrial fibrillation begets atrial fibrillation. A study in awake chronically instrumented goats","journal":"j-C","volume":"92","number":"7","pages":"1954--1968","abstract":"afib BACKGROUND: In this study we tested the hypothesis that atrial fibrillation (AF) causes electrophysiological changes of the atrial myocardium which might explain the progressive nature of the arrhythmia. METHODS AND RESULTS: Twelve goats were chronically instrumented with multiple electrodes sutured to the epicardium of both atria. Two to 3 Weeks after implantation, the animals were connected to a fibrillation pacemaker which artificially maintained AF. Whereas during control episodes of AF were short lasting (6 +/- 3 seconds), artificial maintenance of AF resulted in a progressive increase in the duration of AF to become sustained (> 24 hours) after 7.1 +/- 4.8 days (10 of 11 goats). During the first 24 hours of AF the median fibrillation interval shortened from 145 +/- 18 to 108 +/- 8 ms and the inducibility of AF by a single premature stimulus increased from 24% to 76%. The atrial effective refractory period (AERP) shortened from 146 +/- 19 to 95 +/- 20 ms (-35%) (S1S1, 400 ms). At high pacing rates the shortening was less (-12%), pointing to a reversion of the normal adaptation of the AERP to heart rate. In 5 goats, after 2 to 4 weeks of AF, sinus rhythm was restored and all electrophysiological changes were found to be reversible within 1 week. CONCLUSIONS: Artificial maintenance of AF leads to a marked shortening of AERP, a reversion of its physiological rate adaptation, and an increase in rate, inducibility and stability of AF. All these changes were completely reversible within 1 week of sinus rhythm.","keywords":"Animals Atrial Fibrillation/etiology/*physiopathology Atrial Function/*physiology Cardiac Pacing, Artificial Consciousness Electrocardiography Electrophysiology Goats/*physiology Heart Conduction System/*physiopathology Pacemaker, Artificial Refractory Period, Electrophysiological/physiology Time Factors","year":"1995","bibtex":"@Article{RSM:Wij95,\n author = \"M. C. Wijffels and C. J. Kirchhof and R. Dorland and\n M. A. Allessie\",\n title = \"Atrial fibrillation begets atrial fibrillation. {A}\n study in awake chronically instrumented goats\",\n journal = j-C,\n volume = \"92\",\n number = \"7\",\n pages = \"1954--1968\",\n abstract = \"afib BACKGROUND: In this study we tested the hypothesis\n that atrial fibrillation (AF) causes\n electrophysiological changes of the atrial myocardium\n which might explain the progressive nature of the\n arrhythmia. METHODS AND RESULTS: Twelve goats were\n chronically instrumented with multiple electrodes\n sutured to the epicardium of both atria. Two to 3 Weeks\n after implantation, the animals were connected to a\n fibrillation pacemaker which artificially maintained\n AF. Whereas during control episodes of AF were short\n lasting (6 +/- 3 seconds), artificial maintenance of AF\n resulted in a progressive increase in the duration of\n AF to become sustained (> 24 hours) after 7.1 +/- 4.8\n days (10 of 11 goats). During the first 24 hours of AF\n the median fibrillation interval shortened from 145 +/-\n 18 to 108 +/- 8 ms and the inducibility of AF by a\n single premature stimulus increased from 24\\% to 76\\%.\n The atrial effective refractory period (AERP) shortened\n from 146 +/- 19 to 95 +/- 20 ms (-35\\%) (S1S1, 400 ms).\n At high pacing rates the shortening was less (-12\\%),\n pointing to a reversion of the normal adaptation of the\n AERP to heart rate. In 5 goats, after 2 to 4 weeks of\n AF, sinus rhythm was restored and all\n electrophysiological changes were found to be\n reversible within 1 week. CONCLUSIONS: Artificial\n maintenance of AF leads to a marked shortening of AERP,\n a reversion of its physiological rate adaptation, and\n an increase in rate, inducibility and stability of AF.\n All these changes were completely reversible within 1\n week of sinus rhythm.\",\n keywords = \"Animals Atrial Fibrillation/etiology/*physiopathology\n Atrial Function/*physiology Cardiac Pacing, Artificial\n Consciousness Electrocardiography Electrophysiology\n Goats/*physiology Heart Conduction\n System/*physiopathology Pacemaker, Artificial\n Refractory Period, Electrophysiological/physiology Time\n Factors\",\n year = \"1995\",\n}\n\n\n","author_short":["Wijffels, M. C.","Kirchhof, C. J.","Dorland, R.","Allessie, M. A."],"key":"RSM:Wij95","id":"RSM:Wij95","bibbaseid":"wijffels-kirchhof-dorland-allessie-atrialfibrillationbegetsatrialfibrillationastudyinawakechronicallyinstrumentedgoats-1995","role":"author","urls":{},"keyword":["Animals Atrial Fibrillation/etiology/*physiopathology Atrial Function/*physiology Cardiac Pacing","Artificial Consciousness Electrocardiography Electrophysiology Goats/*physiology Heart Conduction System/*physiopathology Pacemaker","Artificial Refractory Period","Electrophysiological/physiology Time Factors"],"downloads":0,"html":""},"search_terms":["atrial","fibrillation","begets","atrial","fibrillation","study","awake","chronically","instrumented","goats","wijffels","kirchhof","dorland","allessie"],"keywords":["animals atrial fibrillation/etiology/*physiopathology atrial function/*physiology cardiac pacing","artificial consciousness electrocardiography electrophysiology goats/*physiology heart conduction system/*physiopathology pacemaker","artificial refractory period","electrophysiological/physiology time factors"],"authorIDs":[],"dataSources":["5HG3Kp8zRwDd7FotB"]}