@article{wilhelm_analysis_2016,
	title = {Analysis of nanoparticle delivery to tumours},
	volume = {1},
	copyright = {2016 Macmillan Publishers Limited},
	issn = {2058-8437},
	url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/natrevmats201614},
	doi = {10.1038/natrevmats.2016.14},
	abstract = {Targeting nanoparticles to malignant tissues for improved diagnosis and therapy is a popular concept. However, after surveying the literature from the past 10 years, only 0.7\% (median) of the administered nanoparticle dose is found to be delivered to a solid tumour. This has negative consequences on the translation of nanotechnology for human use with respect to manufacturing, cost, toxicity, and imaging and therapeutic efficacy. In this article, we conduct a multivariate analysis on the compiled data to reveal the contributions of nanoparticle physicochemical parameters, tumour models and cancer types on the low delivery efficiency. We explore the potential causes of the poor delivery efficiency from the perspectives of tumour biology (intercellular versus transcellular transport, enhanced permeability and retention effect, and physicochemical-dependent nanoparticle transport through the tumour stroma) as well as competing organs (mononuclear phagocytic and renal systems) and present a 30-year research strategy to overcome this fundamental limitation. Solving the nanoparticle delivery problem will accelerate the clinical translation of nanomedicine.},
	language = {en},
	number = {5},
	urldate = {2021-11-06},
	journal = {Nat Rev Mater},
	author = {Wilhelm, Stefan and Tavares, Anthony J. and Dai, Qin and Ohta, Seiichi and Audet, Julie and Dvorak, Harold F. and Chan, Warren C. W.},
	month = apr,
	year = {2016},
	note = {Bandiera\_abtest: a
Cg\_type: Nature Research Journals
Number: 5
Primary\_atype: Reviews
Publisher: Nature Publishing Group
Subject\_term: Cancer therapy;Medical research;Nanoparticles
Subject\_term\_id: cancer-therapy;medical-research;nanoparticles},
	keywords = {Cancer therapy, Medical research, Nanoparticles},
	pages = {1--12},
	file = {Snapshot:files/1970/natrevmats201614.html:text/html},
	url_Paper = {https://inbs.med.utoronto.ca/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/natrevmats201614.pdf}
}

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In this article, we conduct a multivariate analysis on the compiled data to reveal the contributions of nanoparticle physicochemical parameters, tumour models and cancer types on the low delivery efficiency. We explore the potential causes of the poor delivery efficiency from the perspectives of tumour biology (intercellular versus transcellular transport, enhanced permeability and retention effect, and physicochemical-dependent nanoparticle transport through the tumour stroma) as well as competing organs (mononuclear phagocytic and renal systems) and present a 30-year research strategy to overcome this fundamental limitation. Solving the nanoparticle delivery problem will accelerate the clinical translation of nanomedicine.","language":"en","number":"5","urldate":"2021-11-06","journal":"Nat Rev Mater","author":[{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Wilhelm"],"firstnames":["Stefan"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Tavares"],"firstnames":["Anthony","J."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Dai"],"firstnames":["Qin"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Ohta"],"firstnames":["Seiichi"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Audet"],"firstnames":["Julie"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Dvorak"],"firstnames":["Harold","F."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Chan"],"firstnames":["Warren","C.","W."],"suffixes":[]}],"month":"April","year":"2016","note":"Bandiera_abtest: a Cg_type: Nature Research Journals Number: 5 Primary_atype: Reviews Publisher: Nature Publishing Group Subject_term: Cancer therapy;Medical research;Nanoparticles Subject_term_id: cancer-therapy;medical-research;nanoparticles","keywords":"Cancer therapy, Medical research, Nanoparticles","pages":"1–12","file":"Snapshot:files/1970/natrevmats201614.html:text/html","url_paper":"https://inbs.med.utoronto.ca/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/natrevmats201614.pdf","bibtex":"@article{wilhelm_analysis_2016,\n\ttitle = {Analysis of nanoparticle delivery to tumours},\n\tvolume = {1},\n\tcopyright = {2016 Macmillan Publishers Limited},\n\tissn = {2058-8437},\n\turl = {https://www.nature.com/articles/natrevmats201614},\n\tdoi = {10.1038/natrevmats.2016.14},\n\tabstract = {Targeting nanoparticles to malignant tissues for improved diagnosis and therapy is a popular concept. 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